Effects of Probiotic Therapy on Metabolic and Inflammatory Parameters of Rats With Ligature‐Induced Periodontitis Associated With Restraint Stress

Background: This study evaluates the effects of probiotic therapy (PT) in rats with ligature‐induced periodontitis associated with restraint stress. Methods: Sixty‐four rats were divided into control, stress (STR), probiotic (PROB), periodontal disease (PD), STR‐PROB, STR‐PD, STR‐PROB‐PD, and PROB‐P...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of periodontology (1970) Vol. 85; no. 7; pp. 975 - 983
Main Authors:	Foureaux, Renata de C., Messora, Michel R., Oliveira, Luiz Fernando F., Napimoga, Marcelo H., Pereira, Andressa N.J., Ferreira, Matheus S., Pereira, Luciano J.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States American Academy of Periodontology 01-07-2014
Subjects:	Alveolar bone loss Alveolar Bone Loss - immunology Alveolar Bone Loss - metabolism Animals Blood Glucose - analysis C-Peptide - analysis Collagen Type I - blood Corticosterone - analysis Cyclooxygenase 2 - analysis Dentistry Gingivitis - immunology Gingivitis - metabolism Gingivitis - therapy inflammation Intestinal Mucosa - pathology Intestine, Small - pathology Male models, animal Osteoprotegerin - analysis p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases - analysis Peptides - blood periodontal diseases Periodontitis - immunology Periodontitis - metabolism Periodontitis - therapy probiotics Probiotics - therapeutic use RANK Ligand - analysis Rats Rats, Wistar restraint, physical Stress, Physiological - immunology Stress, Psychological - complications Stress, Psychological - immunology Stress, Psychological - metabolism models, animal periodontal diseases inflammation Alveolar bone loss restraint, physical probiotics
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Summary:	Background: This study evaluates the effects of probiotic therapy (PT) in rats with ligature‐induced periodontitis associated with restraint stress. Methods: Sixty‐four rats were divided into control, stress (STR), probiotic (PROB), periodontal disease (PD), STR‐PROB, STR‐PD, STR‐PROB‐PD, and PROB‐PD groups. The probiotic was added to the drinking water for 44 days. PD was induced by a ligature. In STR groups, the animals were subjected to restraint stress for 2.5 hours per day for 30 days. Results: Rats with PD exhibited increased alveolar bone loss (P <0.05), as well as increased levels of cyclooxygenase‐2, serum C‐terminal telopeptide (CTX), p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38), and receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand and decreased levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG). Stressed rats presented high levels of C‐peptide, corticosterone, and glucose (P <0.05). In general, the presence of stress reduced the expression of CTX and p38 (P <0.05). PT reduced alveolar bone loss in unstressed animals. It also decreased expression of CTX and induced increased expression of OPG in unstressed animals with PD. However, PT was not effective in preventing bone loss or altering the expression of inflammatory markers in stressed animals. PT decreased the number of inflammatory cells in the periodontal tissue (P <0.05). Groups with stress and PD showed decreased villous height and crypt depth. Stress seemed to prevent part of the probiotic beneficial effects on the small intestine. Conclusions: Based on the methodology used, PT may reduce tissue breakdown resulting from PD in unstressed rats. The protocol used for restraint stress influenced the immunomodulatory effects of PT in intestinal and periodontal tissues.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0022-3492 1943-3670
DOI:	10.1902/jop.2013.130356