Grounding grid effective area and impulsive impedance considering statistical–probabilistic characteristics of lightning currents

The grounding grid transient behavior is an important substation design criterion. This behavior is determined through interaction with impulsive currents typical of lightning. Based on the technical literature, the behavior in question is determined considering fixed current waves, with median para...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Electric power systems research Vol. 236; p. 110916
Main Authors:	Moura, Rodolfo A.R., Silva, Gabriel C.P., Oliveira, Elisa M.A., Almeida, João A.C., Assis, Fernando A., Schroeder, Marco Aurélio O.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Elsevier B.V 01-11-2024
Subjects:	Effective area Grounding grid Impulsive impedance Lightning current Statistical–probabilistic characteristics Transient behavior Grounding grid Effective area Statistical–probabilistic characteristics Transient behavior Lightning current Impulsive impedance
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Summary:	The grounding grid transient behavior is an important substation design criterion. This behavior is determined through interaction with impulsive currents typical of lightning. Based on the technical literature, the behavior in question is determined considering fixed current waves, with median parameters (peak values and front and tail times etc.). Therefore, important statistical–probabilistic characteristics of lightning currents, such as correlations and statistical regressions, are not included. From this perspective, this paper includes research into the sensitivity of impulsive impedance and effective area values of substation grounding grids in relation to the waveform of currents typical of the first return strokes. The results (original) illustrate significant sensitivity of the grids transient behavior in relation to those mentioned statistical–probabilistic characteristics, considering a wide range of resistivities in both current injection points considered in this study. •Novel study on lightning current waveforms’ impact on grounding grid behavior.•Statistical–probabilistic characteristics influence impulsive impedance and effective area.•Use of Heidler functions to model first return stroke lightning currents.•Significant sensitivity of grounding grids to lightning current waveform parameters.•Implications for substation design and grounding grid performance optimization.
ISSN:	0378-7796
DOI:	10.1016/j.epsr.2024.110916