21st century research in urban WASH and health in sub-Saharan Africa: methods and outcomes in transition

21st century research in urban WASH and health in sub-Saharan Africa: methods and outcomes in transition

Tackling global inequalities in access to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) remains an urgent issue - 58% of annual diarrhoeal deaths are caused by inadequate WASH provision. A global context of increasing urbanisation, changing demographics and health transitions demands an understanding and imp...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of environmental health research Vol. 29; no. 4; pp. 457 - 478
Main Authors: Mackinnon, Eve, Ayah, Richard, Taylor, Richard, Owor, Michael, Ssempebwa, John, Olago, l Daniel, Kubalako, Robinah, Dia, Anta Tal, Gaye, Cheikh, C. Campos, Luiza, Fottrell, Edward
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Taylor & Francis 04-07-2019
Taylor & Francis LLC
Subjects:
Abbreviations
Aging
Cross cutting
Demographics
Demography
Diseases
Disinfection
Drinking water
Health
health outcomes
Hygiene
Intestine
Private sector
Sanitation
Sustainable development
urbanisation
Urbanization
Water supply
Water-borne diseases
Sub-Saharan Africa
Africa
Water-borne diseases
sanitation
health outcomes
urbanisation
hygiene
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Summary:Tackling global inequalities in access to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) remains an urgent issue - 58% of annual diarrhoeal deaths are caused by inadequate WASH provision. A global context of increasing urbanisation, changing demographics and health transitions demands an understanding and impact of WASH on a broad set of health outcomes. We examine the literature, in terms of health outcomes, considering WASH access and interventions in urban sub-Saharan Africa from 2000 to 2017. Our review of studies which evaluate the effectiveness of specific WASH interventions, reveals an emphasis of WASH research on acute communicable diseases, particularly diarrhoeal diseases. In contrast, chronic communicable and non-communicable health outcomes were notable gaps in the literature as well as a lack of focus on cross-cutting issues, such as ageing, well-being and gender equality. We recommend a broader focus of WASH research and interventions in urban Africa to better reflect the demographic and health transitions happening. Abbreviations: CBA: Controlled Before and After; GSD: Government Service Delivery; IWDSSD: International Drinking-Water, Supply and Sanitation Decade (IDWSSD); KAP: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices; IBD: Irritable Bowel Diseases; MDG: Millennium Development Goals; NTD: Neglected Tropical Diseases; PSSD: Private Sector Service Delivery; SDG: Sustainable Development Goals; SSA: Sub Saharan Africa; SODIS: Solar Disinfection System; STH: Soil Transmitted Helminths; RCT: Randomised Control Trial; WASH: Water Sanitation and Hygiene; WHO: World Health Organization
ISSN:0960-3123
1369-1619
DOI:10.1080/09603123.2018.1550193