Insomnia in Forensic Detainees: Is Salience Network the Common Pathway for Sleep, Neuropsychiatric, and Neurodegenerative Disorders?

Forensic hospitals throughout the country house individuals with severe mental illness and history of criminal violations. Insomnia affects 67.4% of hospitalized patients with chronic neuropsychiatric disorders, indicating that these conditions may hijack human somnogenic pathways. Conversely, somno...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of clinical medicine Vol. 13; no. 6; p. 1691
Main Authors:	Sfera, Adonis, Thomas, Kyle A, Ogunjale, Isaac A, Jafri, Nyla, Bota, Peter G
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 15-03-2024 MDPI
Subjects:	Antipsychotic drugs Autophagy Behavior Connectivity Criminology Degeneration Dementia Detention of persons Emotional intelligence Empathy Ferroptosis Health aspects Hyperactivity Hypothalamus Imprisonment Insomnia Mental disorders Mental illness Mentally ill Mitochondria Nervous system Neurodegeneration Neurological research Neurons Neuropathology Neurophysiology Pathology Physiological aspects Prisoners Psychosis Review Schizophrenia Senescence Sleep Violations United States Von Economo neuron interoceptive awareness frontotemporal dementia behavioral variant phenazines
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Summary:	Forensic hospitals throughout the country house individuals with severe mental illness and history of criminal violations. Insomnia affects 67.4% of hospitalized patients with chronic neuropsychiatric disorders, indicating that these conditions may hijack human somnogenic pathways. Conversely, somnolence is a common adverse effect of many antipsychotic drugs, further highlighting a common etiopathogenesis. Since the brain salience network is likely the common denominator for insomnia, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, here, we focus on the pathology of this neuronal assembly and its likely driver, the dysfunctional neuronal and mitochondrial membrane. We also discuss potential treatment strategies ranging from membrane lipid replacement to mitochondrial transplantation. The aims of this review are threefold: 1. Examining the causes of insomnia in forensic detainees with severe mental illness, as well as its role in predisposing them to neurodegenerative disorders. 2. Educating State hospital and prison clinicians on frontotemporal dementia behavioral variant, a condition increasingly diagnosed in older first offenders which is often missed due to the absence of memory impairment. 3. Introducing clinicians to natural compounds that are potentially beneficial for insomnia and severe mental illness.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:	2077-0383 2077-0383
DOI:	10.3390/jcm13061691