Epidemiology and Clinical Insights of Catheter-Related Candidemia in Non-ICU Patients with Vascular Access Devices

Vascular access devices (VADs), namely peripheral VADs (PVADs) and central venous VADs (CVADs), are crucial in both intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU settings. However, VAD placement carries risks, notably catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). spp. is a common pathogen in CRBSIs, yet...

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Published in:	Microorganisms (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 8; p. 1597
Main Authors:	Scaglione, Giovanni, Colaneri, Marta, Offer, Martina, Galli, Lucia, Borgonovo, Fabio, Genovese, Camilla, Fattore, Rebecca, Schiavini, Monica, Taino, Alba, Calloni, Maria, Casella, Francesco, Gidaro, Antonio, Fassio, Federico, Breschi, Valentina, Leoni, Jessica, Cogliati, Chiara, Gori, Andrea, Foschi, Antonella
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 06-08-2024 MDPI
Subjects:	Blood Candida Candidemia Caspofungin catheter-associated bloodstream infection (CABSIs) catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) Catheterization Catheters central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) COVID-19 Epidemiology Hospitalization Hospitals Intensive care Medical examination Medical instruments Medical records Methicillin midline Mortality Nosocomial infections Observational studies Pandemics Parenteral nutrition Pathogens Patients peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) Placement Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Staphylococcus infections Statistical analysis Surveillance Tazobactam Veins & arteries Venous access Viral diseases catheter-associated bloodstream infection (CABSIs) peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) centrally inserted central catheter (CICC) central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) femorally inserted central catheter (FICC) catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) midline candidemia
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Summary:	Vascular access devices (VADs), namely peripheral VADs (PVADs) and central venous VADs (CVADs), are crucial in both intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU settings. However, VAD placement carries risks, notably catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). spp. is a common pathogen in CRBSIs, yet its clinical and microbiological characteristics, especially in non-ICU settings, are underexplored. We conducted a monocentric, retrospective observational study at Luigi Sacco Hospital from 1 May 2021 to 1 September 2023. We reviewed medical records of non-ICU adult patients with CVADs and PVADs. Data on demographics, clinical and laboratory results, VAD placement, and CRBSI occurrences were collected. Statistical analysis compared spp. CRBSI and bacterial CRBSI groups. Out of 1802 VAD placements in 1518 patients, 54 cases of CRBSI were identified, and spp. was isolated in 30.9% of episodes. The prevalence of CRBSI was 3.05%, with spp. accounting for 0.94%. Incidence rates were 2.35 per 1000 catheter days for CRBSI, with and non-albicans at 0.47 and 0.26 per 1000 catheter days, respectively-patients with spp. CRBSI had more frequent SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 pneumonia, and hypoalbuminemia. During the COVID-19 pandemic, spp. was a notable cause of CRBSIs in our center, underscoring the importance of considering spp. in suspected CRBSI cases, including those in non-ICU settings and in those with PVADs.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2076-2607 2076-2607
DOI:	10.3390/microorganisms12081597