Endogenous versus exogenous exposure to N-nitroso compounds and gastric cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-EURGAST) study

The risk of gastric cancer (GC) associated with dietary intake of nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and endogenous formation of nitroso compounds (NOCs) was investigated in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). The study included 521 457 individuals and 314 incident case...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Carcinogenesis (New York) Vol. 27; no. 7; pp. 1497 - 1501
Main Authors:	Jakszyn, Paula, Bingham, Sheila, Pera, Guillem, Agudo, Antonio, Luben, Robert, Welch, Ailsa, Boeing, Heiner, del Giudice, Giuseppe, Palli, Domenico, Saieva, Calogero, Krogh, Vittorio, Sacerdote, Carlotta, Tumino, Rosario, Panico, Salvatore, Berglund, Göran, Simán, Henrik, Hallmans, Göran, Sanchez, María José, Larrañaga, Nerea, Barricarte, Aurelio, Chirlaque, María Dolores, Quirós, José R., Key, Timothy J., Allen, Naomi, Lund, Eiliv, Carneiro, Fátima, Linseisen, Jakob, Nagel, Gabriele, Overvad, Kim, Tjonneland, Anne, Olsen, Anja, Bueno-de-Mesquita, H. Bas, Ocké, Marga O., Peeters, Petra HM, Numans, Mattijs E., Clavel-Chapelon, Françoise, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Fenger, Claus, Stenling, Roger, Ferrari, Pietro, Jenab, Mazda, Norat, Teresa, Riboli, Elio, Gonzalez, Carlos A.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Oxford Oxford University Press 01-07-2006 Oxford Publishing Limited (England)
Subjects:	Adenocarcinoma - epidemiology Adenocarcinoma - etiology Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology/etiology Animals apparent total NOCs Ascorbic Acid - blood ATNC Biological and medical sciences Cancer and Oncology Cancer och onkologi Carcinogenesis, carcinogens and anticarcinogens Case-Control Studies Cattle Clinical Medicine Diet Dimethylnitrosamine - metabolism endogenous NOC ENOC EPIC Europe European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition Female gastric cancer Gastroenterology. Liver. Pancreas. Abdomen hazard ratio Helicobacter Infections - epidemiology Helicobacter pylori Humans Iron Klinisk medicin Male Meat - adverse effects Medical and Health Sciences Medical sciences Medicin och hälsovetenskap Middle Aged N-nitroso compounds NDMA Nitrosamines - metabolism Nitrosamines - pharmacology Nitrosamines/metabolism/pharmacology nitrosodimethylamine NOCs Prospective Studies Risk Factors Stomach Neoplasms - epidemiology Stomach Neoplasms - etiology Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology/etiology Stomach. Duodenum. Small intestine. Colon. Rectum. Anus Tumors Europe Nitroso compound Exogenous Nutrition Exposure Malignant tumor Stomach cancer Epidemiology Feeding Prospective Endogenous Diet Risk factor Digestive diseases Comparative study Gastric disease
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Summary:	The risk of gastric cancer (GC) associated with dietary intake of nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and endogenous formation of nitroso compounds (NOCs) was investigated in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). The study included 521 457 individuals and 314 incident cases of GC that had occurred after 6.6 average years of follow-up. An index of endogenous NOC (ENOC) formation was estimated using data of the iron content from meat intake and faecal apparent total NOC formation according to previous published studies. Antibodies to Helicobacter pylori and vitamin C levels were measured in a sub-sample of cases and matched controls included in a nested case–control within the cohort. Exposure to NDMA was <1 μg on average compared with 93 μg on average from ENOC. There was no association between NDMA intake and GC risk (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.7–1.43). ENOC was significantly associated with non-cardia cancer risk (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.14–1.78 for an increase of 40 μg/day) but not with cardia cancer (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.69–1.33). Although the number of not infected cases is low, our data suggest a possible interaction between ENOC and H.pylori infection (P for interaction = 0.09). Moreover, we observed an interaction between plasma vitamin C and ENOC (P < 0.02). ENOC formation may account for our previously reported association between red and processed meat consumption and gastric cancer risk.
Bibliography:	local:bgl019 istex:46D92BE909E11A0E9BBC81A933055CABD0FBAC28 ark:/67375/HXZ-C25NR0NF-P To whom correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed at: Department of Epidemiology, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Avenue Gran vía s/n km. 2.7 (08907) L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. Email: paujak@ico.scs.es ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0143-3334 1460-2180
DOI:	10.1093/carcin/bgl019