Quality assessment of NAFDAC certified sachet water brands produced in Local Government Areas in Owerri Zone, Imo State, Nigeria

Quality assessment of NAFDAC certified sachet water brands produced in Local Government Areas in Owerri Zone, Imo State, Nigeria

Locally produced and National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) certified sachet water brands vended in the nine Local Government Areas (LGA) within Owerri zone of Imo State were sourced and assessed for their compliance to regulatory standards. Three companies were select...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International Journal of Energy and Water Resources Vol. 4; no. 3; pp. 293 - 305
Main Authors: Onyeneke, E. N., Duru, C. E., Nwokeke, B. C.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Tehran Springer Nature B.V 01-09-2020
Subjects:
Arsenic
Bottled water
Cadmium
Carcinogens
Chromium
Consumption
Dissolved solids
Drinking water
Electrical conductivity
Electrical resistivity
Government regulations
Health risks
Heavy metals
Local government
Manganese
Nickel
Physicochemical properties
Quality assessment
Quality control
Quality standards
Regulatory agencies
Rural areas
Total dissolved solids
Water analysis
Water quality
Water sampling
Nigeria
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Summary:Locally produced and National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) certified sachet water brands vended in the nine Local Government Areas (LGA) within Owerri zone of Imo State were sourced and assessed for their compliance to regulatory standards. Three companies were selected from each LGA and samples were randomly collected monthly from each factory for a period of three months. The physicochemical properties of the water samples were determined and the data obtained analyzed for pollution, consumption suitability and non-carcinogenic hazard risks using chemometric models. The pH, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids had values ranging between 3.09 ± 0.34 and 7.29 ± 0.36, 11.66 ± 1.52 and 90.66 ± 6.02 µS/cm and 5.33 ± 2.08 and 66.67 ± 2.51 mg/L, respectively. Copper, iron, manganese, nickel, chromium, zinc and cadmium were detected in 40%, 7%, 22%, 11%, 11%, 81% and 30% of the samples, respectively. The mean values of cadmium and nickel were higher than the permissible limits. Sulphate was not detected in all the water samples, while nitrate, phosphate and chloride were below the permissible limits. Though the inhabitants are not at risk of chronic daily intake of heavy metals by the consumption of these sachet water products, the high hazard index values (> 1) obtained for sachet water samples from Owerri North and Ezinihitte Mbaise were indications that regular consumption of sachet water from these areas would have adverse health effects on adults and children. Regular quality checks of sachet water produced in rural areas, therefore, is very necessary to complement the efforts of government regulatory agencies.
ISSN:2538-3604
2522-0101
DOI:10.1007/s42108-020-00070-9