Understanding COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in the United States: A Systematic Review

Understanding COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in the United States: A Systematic Review

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented the importance of vaccination as a pivotal strategy for controlling its spread. However, vaccine hesitancy poses a significant barrier to achieving widespread immunization in the United States. This systematic review utilizes the 5C model to examine the factors co...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Vaccines (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 7; p. 747
Main Authors: Nwachukwu, Godspower, Rihan, Alaa, Nwachukwu, Esther, Uduma, Ndukwe, Elliott, Kimberly S, Tiruneh, Yordanos M
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01-07-2024
Subjects:
Collaboration
Community involvement
Community participation
Complex variables
COVID-19
COVID-19 pandemic
COVID-19 vaccines
Demographic variables
Effectiveness
False information
Global health
Health risks
Immunization
Medical Subject Headings-MeSH
Pandemics
Population studies
Public health
Reviews
Social factors
Socioeconomics
Systematic review
vaccination
vaccine acceptance
vaccine hesitancy
vaccine perceptions
vaccine uptake
Vaccines
United States
United States > US
vaccine hesitancy
vaccine safety
COVID-19 pandemic
vaccine acceptance
mistrust
United States
misinformation
vaccine perceptions
vaccine uptake
vaccination
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Summary:The COVID-19 pandemic has presented the importance of vaccination as a pivotal strategy for controlling its spread. However, vaccine hesitancy poses a significant barrier to achieving widespread immunization in the United States. This systematic review utilizes the 5C model to examine the factors contributing to hesitancy, which include confidence in vaccines, complacency about disease risk, calculations of individual benefit, convenience of vaccination, and collective responsibility for the protection of others. We conducted a comprehensive search across several relevant databases and the gray literature, identifying 544 studies that used quantitative and qualitative methods to explore COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the general U.S. This review identifies a complex interplay of factors affecting hesitancy, such as concerns over vaccine safety and efficacy, misinformation and conspiracy theories, demographic variables, and socioeconomic conditions. Key strategies for increasing vaccine uptake include transparent and effective communication along with proactive community engagement. To effectively mitigate vaccine hesitancy, it is crucial to understand its multifaceted causes. Tailored interventions that consider socioeconomic and cultural contexts and prioritize clear communication, community involvement, and specific strategies to address unique concerns can enhance vaccine acceptance.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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ObjectType-Review-3
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ISSN:2076-393X
2076-393X
DOI:10.3390/vaccines12070747