Assessment the Impacts of Sea-Level Changes on Mangroves of Ceará-Mirim Estuary, Northeastern Brazil, during the Holocene and Anthropocene

Predictions of the effects of modern Relative Sea-Level (RSL) rise on mangroves should be based on decadal-millennial mangrove dynamics and the particularities of each depositional environment under past RSL changes. This work identified inland and seaward mangrove migrations along the Ceará-Mirim e...

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Published in:	Plants (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 8; p. 1721
Main Authors:	Nunes, Sérgio P D Q, França, Marlon C, Cohen, Marcelo C L, Pessenda, Luiz C R, Rodrigues, Erika S F, Magalhães, Evandro A S, Silva, Fernando A B
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 01-04-2023 MDPI
Subjects:	Anthropocene Anthropogenic factors Aquaculture Carbon dioxide Coastal plains Coasts Deforestation drone Emissions Estuaries Fish farms Geomorphology Herbs Holocene Human influences Mangroves Morphology Organic matter Paleogeography Palynology Recolonization relative sea-level remote sensing Satellite imagery Sea level sedimentary facies Shellfish farming Spatial analysis Spatial data Tidal flats Vegetation Brazil Amazon River region Germany Rio Grande do Norte Brazil palynology remote sensing Holocene drone relative sea-level sedimentary facies
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Summary:	Predictions of the effects of modern Relative Sea-Level (RSL) rise on mangroves should be based on decadal-millennial mangrove dynamics and the particularities of each depositional environment under past RSL changes. This work identified inland and seaward mangrove migrations along the Ceará-Mirim estuary (Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern Brazil) during the mid-late Holocene and Anthropocene based on sedimentary features, palynological, and geochemical (δ C, δ N, C/N) data integrated with spatial-temporal analysis based on satellite images. The data indicated three phases for the mangrove development: (1°) mangrove expansion on tidal flats with estuarine organic matter between >4420 and ~2870 cal yrs BP, under the influence of the mid-Holocene sea-level highstand; (2°) mangrove contraction with an increased contribution of C terrestrial plants between ~2870 and ~84 cal yrs BP due to an RSL fall, and (3°) mangrove expansion onto the highest tidal flats since ~84 cal yr BP due to a relative sea-level rise. However, significant mangrove areas were converted to fish farming before 1984 CE. Spatial-temporal analysis also indicated a mangrove expansion since 1984 CE due to mangrove recolonization of shrimp farming areas previously deforested for pisciculture. This work mainly evidenced a trend of mangrove expansion due to RSL rise preceding the effects of anthropogenic emissions of CO in the atmosphere and the resilience of these forests in the face of anthropogenic interventions.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2223-7747 2223-7747
DOI:	10.3390/plants12081721