Representativeness of the particulate matter pollution assessed by an official monitoring station of air quality in Santiago, Chile: projection to human health

Santiago, capital city of Chile, presents air pollution problems for decades mainly by particulate matter, which significantly affects population health, despite national authority efforts to improve air quality. Different properties of the particulate matter (PM 10 , PM 2.5 and PM 1 fractions, part...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Environmental geochemistry and health Vol. 45; no. 6; pp. 2985 - 3001
Main Authors:	Préndez, Margarita, Nova, Patricio, Romero, Hugo, Mendes, Flávio, Fuentealba, Raúl
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01-06-2023 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Air monitoring Air Pollutants - analysis Air pollution Air Pollution - analysis Air quality Airborne particulates Chile Climate models Earth and Environmental Science Emissions control Environment Environmental assessment Environmental Chemistry Environmental Health Environmental monitoring Environmental Monitoring - methods Geochemistry Humans Original Paper Outdoor air quality Particle Size Particulate emissions Particulate matter Particulate Matter - analysis Plant cover Pollution monitoring Public Health Soil Science & Conservation Suspended particulate matter Terrestrial Pollution Wind speed Chile Physical characteristics of particulate matter Spatial heterogeneity Local sources importance Urban geometry Vegetation cover Visible spectrophotometry
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Summary:	Santiago, capital city of Chile, presents air pollution problems for decades mainly by particulate matter, which significantly affects population health, despite national authority efforts to improve air quality. Different properties of the particulate matter (PM 10 , PM 2.5 and PM 1 fractions, particle surface and number) were measured with an optical spectrometer. The sampling was done during spring 2019 at different sites within the official representative area of Independencia monitoring station (ORMS-IS). The results of this study evidence large variations in PM mass concentration at small-scale areas within the ORMS-IS representative zone, which reports the same value for the total area. Results from PM properties such as PM 1 , particle number and particle surface distribution show that these properties should be incorporated in regular monitoring in order to improve the understanding of the effects of these factors on human health. The use of urban-climate canopy-layer models in a portion of the sampled area around the monitoring station demonstrates the influence of street geometry, building densities and vegetation covers on wind velocity and direction. These factors, consequently, have an effect on the potential for air pollutants concentrations. The results of this study evidence the existence of hot spots of PM pollution within the area of representativeness of the ORMS-IS. This result is relevant from the point of view of human health and contributes to improve the effectiveness of emission reduction policies.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0269-4042 1573-2983
DOI:	10.1007/s10653-022-01390-x