Residual malaria transmission and the role of Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles melas in central Senegal

Residual malaria transmission and the role of Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles melas in central Senegal

Understanding the behavior and ecology of local malaria vectors is essential for the effectiveness of the commonly used vector-targeted malaria control tools in areas of low malaria transmission. This study was conducted to determine species composition, biting behavior and infectivity of the major...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of medical entomology Vol. 60; no. 3; pp. 546 - 553
Main Authors: Sy, Ousmane, Sarr, Pape C., Assogba, Benoit S., Nourdine, Mouhamed A., Ndiaye, Assane, Konaté, Lassana, Faye, Ousmane, Donnelly, Martin J., Gaye, Oumar, Weetman, David, Niang, Elhadji A.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Entomological Society of America 12-05-2023
Oxford University Press
Subjects:
Animal behavior
Animals
Anopheles
Anopheles - genetics
Disease transmission
elimination
Female
Health aspects
hotspots
Humans
Malaria
Mosquito Vectors
Plasmodium falciparum
qPCR
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Senegal
VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES, SURVEILLANCE, PREVENTION
Senegal
Sub-Saharan Africa
qPCR
malaria
Senegal
elimination
hotspots
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Understanding the behavior and ecology of local malaria vectors is essential for the effectiveness of the commonly used vector-targeted malaria control tools in areas of low malaria transmission. This study was conducted to determine species composition, biting behavior and infectivity of the major Anopheles vectors of Plasmodium falciparum in low transmission settings in central Senegal. Adult mosquitoes were collected using human landing catches during 2 consecutive nights and Pyrethrum Spray Catches in 30–40 randomly selected rooms, from July 2017 to December 2018 in 3 villages. Anopheline mosquitoes were morphologically identified using conventional keys; their reproductive status assessed by ovary dissections, and a sub-sample of Anopheles gambiae s.l. were identified to species level using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Plasmodium sporozoite infections were detected using real-time quantitative PCR. During this study 3684 Anopheles were collected of which 97% were An. gambiae s.l., 0.6% were Anopheles funestus, and 2.4% were Anopheles pharoensis. Molecular identification of 1,877 An. gambiae s.l. revealed a predominance of Anopheles arabiensis (68.7%), followed by Anopheles melas (28.8%), and Anopheles coluzzii (2.1%). The overall human-biting rate of An. gambiae s.l. was highest in the inland site of Keur Martin with 4.92 bites per person per night, while it was similar in the deltaic site, Diofior (0.51) and the coastal site, Mbine Coly (0.67). Parity rates were similar in An. arabiensis (45%) and An. melas (42%). Sporozoite infections were detected in both An. arabiensis and An. melas with the respective infection rates of 1.39% (N = 8) and 0.41% (N = 1). Results suggest that low residual malaria in central Senegal is transmitted by An. arabiensis and An. melas. Consequently, both vectors will need to be targeted as part of malaria elimination efforts in this area of Senegal.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ISSN:0022-2585
1938-2928
DOI:10.1093/jme/tjad020