Metabolic and physiologic effects from consuming a hunter-gatherer (Paleolithic)-type diet in type 2 diabetes

Background/Objectives: The contemporary American diet figures centrally in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic diseases– 'diseases of civilization'–such as obesity and diabetes. We investigated in type 2 diabetes whether a diet similar to that consumed by our pre-agricultural hunter-gathe...

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Published in:	European journal of clinical nutrition Vol. 69; no. 8; pp. 944 - 948
Main Authors:	Masharani, U, Sherchan, P, Schloetter, M, Stratford, S, Xiao, A, Sebastian, A, Nolte Kennedy, M, Frassetto, L
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 01-08-2015 Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:	631/443 692/699/2743/137 Aged Blood Pressure Chronic illnesses Clinical Nutrition Dairy products Diabetes Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent) Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - diet therapy Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - physiopathology Diet Diet, Diabetic Diet, Paleolithic Diet, Western Electrolytes Electrolytes - urine Epidemiology Female Food - adverse effects Fructosamine - blood Fruits Glucose Glucose Clamp Technique Glycated Hemoglobin A - analysis Grain Health aspects Hemoglobin Humans Hunter-gatherers Insulin Insulin Resistance Internal Medicine Legumes Lipids Lipids - blood Low fat diet Male Meat Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Diseases Metabolic disorders Metabolism Middle Aged Nutrition Nuts Obesity original-article Paleolithic Pathogenesis Public Health Salts San Francisco Type 2 diabetes Urine Vegetables
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Summary:	Background/Objectives: The contemporary American diet figures centrally in the pathogenesis of numerous chronic diseases– 'diseases of civilization'–such as obesity and diabetes. We investigated in type 2 diabetes whether a diet similar to that consumed by our pre-agricultural hunter-gatherer ancestors ('Paleolithic' type diet) confers health benefits. Subjects/Methods: We performed an outpatient, metabolically controlled diet study in type 2 diabetes patients. We compared the findings in 14 participants consuming a Paleo diet comprising lean meat, fruits, vegetables and nuts, and excluding added salt, and non-Paleolithic-type foods comprising cereal grains, dairy or legumes, with 10 participants on a diet based on recommendations by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) containing moderate salt intake, low-fat dairy, whole grains and legumes. There were three ramp-up diets for 7 days, then 14 days of the test diet. Outcomes included the following: mean arterial blood pressure; 24-h urine electrolytes; hemoglobin A1c and fructosamine levels; insulin resistance by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp and lipid levels. Results: Both groups had improvements in metabolic measures, but the Paleo diet group had greater benefits on glucose control and lipid profiles. Also, on the Paleo diet, the most insulin-resistant subjects had a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity ( r =0.40, P =0.02), but no such effect was seen in the most insulin-resistant subjects on the ADA diet ( r = 0.39, P =0.3). Conclusions: Even short-term consumption of a Paleolithic-type diet improved glucose control and lipid profiles in people with type 2 diabetes compared with a conventional diet containing moderate salt intake, low-fat dairy, whole grains and legumes.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-News-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	0954-3007 1476-5640
DOI:	10.1038/ejcn.2015.39