PCDD, PCDF, dl-PCB and organochlorine pesticides monitoring in São Paulo City using passive air sampler as part of the Global Monitoring Plan

PCDD, PCDF, dl-PCB and organochlorine pesticides monitoring in São Paulo City using passive air sampler as part of the Global Monitoring Plan

The persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as organochlorine pesticides and PCBs, are ordinarily monitored in the aquatic environment or in soil in the environmental quality monitoring programs in São Paulo, Brazil. One of the core matrices proposed in the POPs Global Monitoring Plan (GMP) from...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Science of the total environment Vol. 571; pp. 323 - 331
Main Authors: Tominaga, M.Y., Silva, C.R., Melo, J.P., Niwa, N.A., Plascak, D., Souza, C.A.M., Sato, M.I.Z.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 15-11-2016
Subjects:
Air Pollutants - analysis
Brazil
Cities
Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds - analysis
dl-PCBs
Environmental Monitoring - methods
Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated - analysis
Organochlorine pesticides
Passive sampling
PCDD/Fs
Pesticides - analysis
ANE, Sweden, Stockholm
Caribbean Region
Brazil, Sao Paulo
Latin America
dl-PCBs
PCDD/Fs
Passive sampling
Organochlorine pesticides
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Summary:The persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as organochlorine pesticides and PCBs, are ordinarily monitored in the aquatic environment or in soil in the environmental quality monitoring programs in São Paulo, Brazil. One of the core matrices proposed in the POPs Global Monitoring Plan (GMP) from the Stockholm Convention list is the ambient air, which is not a usual matrix for POPs monitoring in the country. In this study POP levels were evaluated in the air samples from an urban site in São Paulo City over five years, starting in 2010 as a capacity building project for Latin America and the Caribbean region for POP monitoring in ambient air using passive samplers. Furthermore, after the end of the Project in 2012, the monitoring continued in the same sampling site as means to improving the analytical capacity building and contribute to the GMP data. The POPs monitored were 17 congeners of 2,3,7,8 chloro-substituted PCDDs and PCDFs, dioxin-like PCBs, indicator PCBs, organochlorine pesticides and toxaphene. The results show a slight decrease in PCDD/F, dl-PCBs and indicator PCBs levels along the five years. The organochlorine pesticide endosulfan was present at its highest concentration at the beginning of the monitoring period, but it was below detection level in the last year of the monitoring. Some other organochlorine pesticides were detected close to or below quantitation limits. The compounds identified were dieldrin, chlordane, α-HCH, γ-HCH, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, hexachlorobenzene and DDTs. Toxaphene congeners were not detected. These results have confirmed the efficacy of passive sampling for POP monitoring and the capacity building for POP analysis and monitoring was established. However more needs to be done, including expansion of sampling sites, new POPs and studies on sampling rates to be considered in calculating the concentration of POPs in ambient air using a passive sampler. [Display omitted] •GMP project in the GRULAC region and the Brazilian results are discussed.•Declining trends observed in PCDD/F/PCB and endosulfan levels in São Paulo•Elevated sites seem to be more representative for POPs/air sampling in cities.
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ISSN:0048-9697
1879-1026
DOI:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.173