Influence of Gypsum Waste Utilization on Properties and Leachability of Fired Clay Brick

Influence of Gypsum Waste Utilization on Properties and Leachability of Fired Clay Brick

Wastewater treatment activities in the chemical industry have generated abundant gypsum waste, classified as scheduled waste (SW205) under the Environmental Quality Regulations 2005. The waste needs to be disposed into a secure landfill due to the high heavy metals content which is becoming a threat...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Materials Vol. 14; no. 11; p. 2800
Main Authors: Hamid, Nur Jannah Abdul, Kadir, Aeslina Abdul, Hashar, Nurul Nabila Huda, Pietrusiewicz, Paweł, Nabiałek, Marcin, Wnuk, Izabela, Gucwa, Marcek, Palutkiewicz, Paweł, Hashim, Azini Amiza, Sarani, Noor Amira, Nio, Amos Anak, Noor, Norazian Mohamed, Jez, Bartłomiej
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Basel MDPI AG 24-05-2021
MDPI
Subjects:
Aluminum
Chemical industry
Clay
Compressive strength
Density
Dry density
Environmental quality
fired clay brick
Gypsum
gypsum waste
Heating rate
Heavy metals
Iron
Landfill
Leaching
leaching test
Mechanical properties
Moisture content
Physical properties
properties
Shrinkage
Soils
Suction
synthetic precipitation leaching procedure
Waste disposal
Waste utilization
Wastewater treatment
United Kingdom > UK
United States > US
Malaysia
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Wastewater treatment activities in the chemical industry have generated abundant gypsum waste, classified as scheduled waste (SW205) under the Environmental Quality Regulations 2005. The waste needs to be disposed into a secure landfill due to the high heavy metals content which is becoming a threat to the environment. Hence, an alternative disposal method was evaluated by recycling the waste into fired clay brick. The brick samples were incorporated with different percentages of gypsum waste (0% as control, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%) and were fired at 1050 °C using 1 °C per minute heating rate. Shrinkage, dry density, initial rate of suction (IRS) and compressive strength tests were conducted to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the brick, while the synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) was performed to scrutinize the leachability of heavy metals from the crushed brick samples. The results showed that the properties would decrease through the incorporation of gypsum waste and indicated the best result at 10% of waste utilization with 47.5% of shrinkage, 1.37% of dry density, 22.87% of IRS and 28.3% of compressive strength. In addition, the leachability test highlighted that the concentrations of Fe and Al was significantly reduced up to 100% from 4884 to 3.13 ppm (Fe) and from 16,134 to 0.81 ppm (Al), respectively. The heavy metals content in the bricks were oxidized during the firing process, which signified the successful remediation of heavy metals in the samples. Based on the permissible incorporation of gypsum waste into fired clay brick, this study promised a more green disposing method for gypsum waste, and insight as a potential towards achieving a sustainable end product.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ISSN:1996-1944
1996-1944
DOI:10.3390/ma14112800