Occurrence of brominated diphenyl ethers, dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in foam materials in scrapped car seats from 1985 to 2012

•Levels of Br and brominated organic compounds were generally low or non-detectable.•Two samples had levels of PBDEs close to the stipulated POP regulation for waste.•Samples with high concentrations of PDBEs showed elevated concentrations of PBDD/Fs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oc...

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Published in:	Waste management (Elmsford) Vol. 61; pp. 300 - 306
Main Authors:	Redin, L., Niinipuu, M., Jansson, S.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Elsevier Ltd 01-03-2017
Subjects:	Automobiles Automotive shredder residue Bromine - analysis Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated - analysis End-of-life vehicles Environmental Monitoring - methods Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers - analysis Limit of Detection PBDD PBDE PBDF Persistent organic pollutants Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins - analysis Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins - chemistry Solid Waste - analysis Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission ASR PUF PBDF PBDE Automotive shredder residue PBDD POPs End-of-life vehicles Persistent organic pollutants ELV
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Summary:	•Levels of Br and brominated organic compounds were generally low or non-detectable.•Two samples had levels of PBDEs close to the stipulated POP regulation for waste.•Samples with high concentrations of PDBEs showed elevated concentrations of PBDD/Fs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs) and dibenzofurans (PBDFs) in polyurethane foam (PUF) from car seats of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) and compare the concentrations of PBDEs with the stipulated regulations in the POP Directive. The method comprised screening by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and GG-MS analysis. Of 59 tested samples from ELVs, 17 samples showed lines above limit of detection (LOD) levels when screening by XRF. Those samples were selected as replicates and for further analysis by GC-MS. The majority of the studied samples showed low or non-detectable concentrations of PBDEs and PBDD/Fs, but two samples showed concentrations of Σ Te-HpBDEs close to the regulated level for Te-HpBDEs in waste (1000mgkg−1); one was slightly higher (1390mgkg−1) and the other slightly lower (570mgkg−1). It was concluded that brominated pollutants such as Te-HpBDEs occur in low levels in automotive applications in scrapped cars produced in years when brominated flame retardants were used. However, two of the 59 samples tested showed levels close to those stipulated by regulations concerning POPs in waste.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0956-053X 1879-2456 1879-2456
DOI:	10.1016/j.wasman.2016.12.010