Cascading trend of Early Paleozoic marine radiations paused by Late Ordovician extinctions

Cascading trend of Early Paleozoic marine radiations paused by Late Ordovician extinctions

The greatest relative changes in marine biodiversity accumulation occurred during the Early Paleozoic. The precision of temporal constraints on these changes is crude, hampering our understanding of their timing, duration, and links to causal mechanisms. We match fossil occurrence data to their lith...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 116; no. 15; pp. 7207 - 7213
Main Authors: Rasmussen, Christian M. Ø., Kröger, Björn, Nielsen, Morten L., Colmenar, Jorge
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States National Academy of Sciences 09-04-2019
Series:From the Cover
Subjects:
Accumulation
Biodiversity
Cambrian
Capture-recapture studies
Databases, Factual
Extinction, Biological
Ordovician
Paleobiology
Paleontology
Paleozoic
Physical Sciences
Plate tectonics
PNAS Plus
Radiation
Sea surface temperature
Silurian
Taphonomy
Tectonics
Volcanic activity
first differences
Earth state shifts
Ordovician radiation
biodiversity accumulation
capture–recapture
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Summary:The greatest relative changes in marine biodiversity accumulation occurred during the Early Paleozoic. The precision of temporal constraints on these changes is crude, hampering our understanding of their timing, duration, and links to causal mechanisms. We match fossil occurrence data to their lithostratigraphical ranges in the Paleobiology Database and correlate this inferred taxon range to a constructed set of biostratigraphically defined high-resolution time slices. In addition, we apply capture–recapture modeling approaches to calculate a biodiversity curve that also considers taphonomy and sampling biases with four times better resolution of previous estimates. Our method reveals a stepwise biodiversity increase with distinct Cambrian and Ordovician radiation events that are clearly separated by a 50-million-year-long period of slow biodiversity accumulation. The Ordovician Radiation is confined to a 15-million-year phase after which the Late Ordovician extinctions lowered generic richness and further delayed a biodiversity rebound by at least 35 million years. Based on a first-differences approach on potential abiotic drivers controlling richness, we find an overall correlation with oxygen levels, with temperature also exhibiting a coordinated trend once equatorial sea surface temperatures fell to present-day levels during the Middle Ordovician Darriwilian Age. Contrary to the traditional view of the Late Ordovician extinctions, our study suggests a protracted crisis interval linked to intense volcanism during themiddle Late Ordovician Katian Age. As richness levels did not return to prior levels during the Silurian—a time of continental amalgamation—we further argue that plate tectonics exerted an overarching control on biodiversity accumulation.
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Author contributions: C.M.Ø.R. and B.K. designed research; C.M.Ø.R., B.K., M.L.N., and J.C. performed research; C.M.Ø.R. and B.K. analyzed data; and C.M.Ø.R. and B.K. wrote the paper.
Edited by Lauren Sallan, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Neil H. Shubin February 27, 2019 (received for review December 13, 2018)
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.1821123116