A developmentally regulated switch from stem cells to dedifferentiation for limb muscle regeneration in newts

The newt, a urodele amphibian, is able to repeatedly regenerate its limbs throughout its lifespan, whereas other amphibians deteriorate or lose their ability to regenerate limbs after metamorphosis. It remains to be determined whether such an exceptional ability of the newt is either attributed to a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Nature communications Vol. 7; no. 1; p. 11069
Main Authors:	Tanaka, Hibiki Vincent, Ng, Nathaniel Chuen Yin, Yang Yu, Zhan, Casco-Robles, Martin Miguel, Maruo, Fumiaki, Tsonis, Panagiotis A., Chiba, Chikafumi
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 30-03-2016 Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio
Subjects:	13/51 14/19 14/63 42/35 42/44 631/136/1660/1646 631/136/532/489 631/80 Animals Cell Dedifferentiation Cell Lineage Cell Tracking Extremities - physiology Extremities - transplantation Female Humanities and Social Sciences Larva - physiology Luminescent Proteins - metabolism Male Metamorphosis, Biological multidisciplinary Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - cytology Muscles - physiology Red Fluorescent Protein Regeneration - physiology Salamandridae - physiology Science Science (multidisciplinary) Stem Cells - cytology
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Summary:	The newt, a urodele amphibian, is able to repeatedly regenerate its limbs throughout its lifespan, whereas other amphibians deteriorate or lose their ability to regenerate limbs after metamorphosis. It remains to be determined whether such an exceptional ability of the newt is either attributed to a strategy, which controls regeneration in larvae, or on a novel one invented by the newt after metamorphosis. Here we report that the newt switches the cellular mechanism for limb regeneration from a stem/progenitor-based mechanism (larval mode) to a dedifferentiation-based one (adult mode) as it transits beyond metamorphosis. We demonstrate that larval newts use stem/progenitor cells such as satellite cells for new muscle in a regenerated limb, whereas metamorphosed newts recruit muscle fibre cells in the stump for the same purpose. We conclude that the newt has evolved novel strategies to secure its regenerative ability of the limbs after metamorphosis. How limb regeneration in the newt is regulated at a cellular level is much debated. Here, the authors show different mechanisms acting at different developmental stages, namely stem/progenitor cells in larval regeneration and muscle fibres in the blastema regulate limb regeneration after metamorphosis.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2041-1723 2041-1723
DOI:	10.1038/ncomms11069