Metallophyte status of violets of the section Melanium

[Display omitted] •Violets are typical heavy metal excluders, in contrast to many other metallophytes.•Root AMF colonisation might contribute to their heavy metal exclusion character.•V. tricolor thrives also on polluted soils and independent of AMF colonisation.•Elements, such as Fe and Zn, accumul...

Full description

Saved in:

Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Chemosphere (Oxford) Vol. 93; no. 9; pp. 1844 - 1855
Main Authors:	Hermann, Bothe, Katarina, Vogel-Mikuš, Paula, Pongrac, Matevž, Likar, Neva, Stepic, Primož, Pelicon, Primož, Vavpetič, Luka, Jeromel, Marjana, Regvar
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01-11-2013 Elsevier
Subjects:	Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions Arbuscular mycorrhiza Biodegradation, Environmental Biological and medical sciences cortex Cross sections Deficiencies. Phytotoxicity of elements. Salinity Element localisation Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Fungi General agronomy. Plant production Heavy metals Heavy-metal exclusion Metallophytes Metals, Heavy - analysis Metals, Heavy - metabolism Metals, Heavy - toxicity Micro-PIXE Mountains Mycorrhizae - physiology mycorrhizal fungi Plant Roots - drug effects Plant Roots - microbiology Plant Roots - physiology Roots shoots soil Soil - chemistry Soil Microbiology Soil Pollutants - analysis Soil Pollutants - metabolism Soil Pollutants - toxicity Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments Soils Vascular tissue Viola Viola - drug effects Viola - microbiology Viola - physiology Viola species Viola tricolor Viola wittrockiana Zinc Heavy-metal exclusion Element localisation Micro-PIXE Metallophytes Arbuscular mycorrhiza Viola species Symbiosis PIXE Exclusions Interspecific association Violaceae Metallophyte Soil pollution Heavy metal Trace element Pollutant Endomycorrhiza Dicotyledones Angiospermae Mycorrhiza Herbaceous plant Spermatophyta Viola Interspecific relation
Online Access:	Get full text
Tags:	Add Tag No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!

Description
Summary:	[Display omitted] •Violets are typical heavy metal excluders, in contrast to many other metallophytes.•Root AMF colonisation might contribute to their heavy metal exclusion character.•V. tricolor thrives also on polluted soils and independent of AMF colonisation.•Elements, such as Fe and Zn, accumulate in the rhizodermis of root cross-sections. Violets from metal-enriched soils have controversially been described as both heavy-metal accumulators and excluders in the literature. The present study solves the issue for violets of the section Melanium (zinc violets, Viola lutea ssp. calaminaria and V. lutea ssp. westfalica; hartsease or wild pansy, Viola tricolor; and mountain pansy, V. lutea). The aims were to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in the soil and in the roots and shoots of field-collected plants, to evaluate the potential impact of colonisation by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on heavy-metal concentrations in the plant tissues, and to quantitatively define the localisation of the elements in root cross-sections. When these violets grow in low-metal soils, higher concentrations of the heavy metals were found in the roots and shoots than in the soil, whereas the opposite was seen in samples from high-metal soils. Under all field conditions examined, the roots of all of these species were colonised by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. However, V. tricolor was marginally colonised when the concentrations of Zn and P were higher in the soil. Determination of the spatial distribution of the elements in root cross-sections of these violets indicates tissue-specific deposition of elements within the vascular tissue, the cortex, and the rhizodermis. These data indicate that violets of the section Melanium are heavy-metal excluders.
Bibliography:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.039 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0045-6535 1879-1298
DOI:	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.039