Iron/zinc Alginates as Vehicles for Food Fortification with Enhanced Stability in Polyphenol-Rich Foods

Iron/zinc Alginates as Vehicles for Food Fortification with Enhanced Stability in Polyphenol-Rich Foods

Food fortification with iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) can effectively reduce deficiencies of these important micronutrients, but the reactivity of bioavailable Fe compounds in foods remains a challenge. Here, this problem was tackled by binding water-soluble Fe 3+ and Zn 2+ sources to alginate by ionotrop...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Food biophysics Vol. 19; no. 3; pp. 665 - 675
Main Authors: Knijnenburg, Jesper T.N., Nengsih, Neni Zulfa, Kasemsiri, Pornnapa, Chindaprasirt, Prinya, Zimmermann, Michael B., Jetsrisuparb, Kaewta
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York Springer US 01-09-2024
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Alginates
Alginic acid
Analytical Chemistry
Binding
Bioavailability
Biological and Medical Physics
Biophysics
Carboxylic acids
Chemistry
Chemistry and Materials Science
Color
Food
Food fortification
Food Science
Food sources
Fourier transforms
Intestine
Iron
Micronutrients
Nutrient deficiency
Stability
Water chemistry
Zinc
Zinc compounds
Mineral
Supplement
Absorption
Nutrition
Anemia
Biopolymer
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Summary:Food fortification with iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) can effectively reduce deficiencies of these important micronutrients, but the reactivity of bioavailable Fe compounds in foods remains a challenge. Here, this problem was tackled by binding water-soluble Fe 3+ and Zn 2+ sources to alginate by ionotropic gelation, resulting in the formation of mixed Fe/Zn alginate beads. The dry beads were 0.8–1.4 mm in diameter and had Fe and Zn contents of up to 143 mg/g. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the successful binding of Fe 3+ and Zn 2+ with the carboxylic acid groups of alginate with preferential binding of Fe 3+ over Zn 2+ . When added to difficult-to-fortify polyphenol-rich foods, the Fe alginate beads caused smaller color changes than water-soluble Fe sources, confirming that binding Fe 3+ to alginate reduced its reactivity and improved its stability. Adding increasing amounts of Zn into the beads further improved color stability as evidenced by the lower ΔE values. The in vitro Fe solubility was 75–90% within 120 min at pH 1.0, independent of the Zn content, suggesting that the Fe from these structures is released in the stomach and available for absorption in the intestine. Their improved stability may make these Fe/Zn alginates attractive dual fortificants for difficult-to-fortify foods.
ISSN:1557-1858
1557-1866
DOI:10.1007/s11483-024-09854-6