Video-tracked Anopheles arabiensis entry and exit behaviour at washed and damaged pyrethroid-treated bednets

Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are the most effective method for malaria prevention in Africa. Using near-infrared video tracking in a laboratory environment, we recorded and assessed bednet entry and exit by a northern Tanzanian population of at a human-occupied untreated net and a PermaNet® 2.0 I...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Royal Society open science Vol. 11; no. 5; p. 231165
Main Authors:	Parker, J E A, Kakilla, C, Nelwin, K, Kroner, C, Logan, R, Ismail, H M, Towers, C, Manjurano, A, Towers, D, McCall, P J
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England The Royal Society 01-05-2024
Subjects:	behaviour Ecology, Conservation and Global Change Biology insecticide-treated bednet malaria mosquito vector control video tracking behaviour video tracking malaria insecticide-treated bednet vector control mosquito
Online Access:	Get full text
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Summary:	Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are the most effective method for malaria prevention in Africa. Using near-infrared video tracking in a laboratory environment, we recorded and assessed bednet entry and exit by a northern Tanzanian population of at a human-occupied untreated net and a PermaNet® 2.0 ITN. Both had 12 holes, each 10 cm in diameter, punctured at specific locations, and the ITN was washed 20 times to further simulate the wear and tear of ageing. Washing reduced the insecticide content of ITNs by 61%, which then showed similar rates to the untreated nets for net entry (39% entered untreated net and 41% entered ITN; = 0.84) and exit (37% and 43%, respectively; 0.67). Regardless of treatment, approximately 40% of mosquitoes entered nets within 20 s of first appearing in the field of view and reached the volunteer's skin within 5 s of entering the net. Mortality rates post-exposure were significantly higher ( 0.048) at ITNs (26.6%; 95% CI 13.4%-39.7%) than at untreated controls (6.4%; 95% CI 1.8%-14.6%). The washed and aged ITN provided little additional personal protection for the sleeper over an untreated net. Simple adjustments to materials and design that could extend the effective lifespan of ITNs are discussed.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Electronic supplementary material is available online at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7184005.
ISSN:	2054-5703 2054-5703
DOI:	10.1098/rsos.231165