An evaluation of common methods for dichotomization of continuous variables to discriminate disease status

An evaluation of common methods for dichotomization of continuous variables to discriminate disease status

Dichotomization of continuous variables to discriminate a dichotomous outcome is often useful in statistical applications. If a true threshold for a continuous variable exists, the challenge is identifying it. This paper examines common methods for dichotomization to identify which ones recover a tr...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Communications in statistics. Theory and methods Vol. 46; no. 21; pp. 10823 - 10834
Main Authors: Nelson, S. L. Prince, Ramakrishnan, V., Nietert, P. J., Kamen, D. L., Ramos, P. S., Wolf, B. J.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Taylor & Francis 01-01-2017
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Subjects:
Bioinformatics
chi-square
Chi-square test
Computer simulation
Continuity (mathematics)
dichotomization
disease interactions
epigenetics
Identification methods
Kappa coefficient
kappa statistic
Maximization
method evaluation
Population (statistical)
relative risk
Statistical analysis
Statistical tests
Youden's Gini index
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Summary:Dichotomization of continuous variables to discriminate a dichotomous outcome is often useful in statistical applications. If a true threshold for a continuous variable exists, the challenge is identifying it. This paper examines common methods for dichotomization to identify which ones recover a true threshold. We provide mathematical and numeric proofs demonstrating that maximizing the odds ratio, Youden's statistic, Gini Index, chi-square statistic, relative risk and kappa statistic all theoretically recover a true threshold. A simulation study evaluating the ability of these statistics to recover a threshold when sampling from a population indicates that maximizing the chi-square statistic and Gini Index have the smallest bias and variability when the probability of being larger than the threshold is small while maximizing Kappa or Youden's statistics is best when this probability is larger. Maximizing odds ratio is the most variable and biased of the methods.
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content type line 23
ISSN:0361-0926
1532-415X
DOI:10.1080/03610926.2016.1248783