Nutritional Composition and Bioactive Compounds in Tomatoes and Their Impact on Human Health and Disease: A Review

Tomatoes are consumed worldwide as fresh vegetables because of their high contents of essential nutrients and antioxidant-rich phytochemicals. Tomatoes contain minerals, vitamins, proteins, essential amino acids (leucine, threonine, valine, histidine, lysine, arginine), monounsaturated fatty acids (...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Foods Vol. 10; no. 1; p. 45
Main Authors:	Ali, Md Yousuf, Sina, Abu Ali Ibn, Khandker, Shahad Saif, Neesa, Lutfun, Tanvir, E M, Kabir, Alamgir, Khalil, Md Ibrahim, Gan, Siew Hua
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 26-12-2020 MDPI
Subjects:	Aluminum Amino acids Antioxidants Arginine Bioactive compounds Biomedical materials Biomolecules Blood pressure Caffeic acid Carbohydrates Cardiovascular disease Cardiovascular diseases Carotenoids Chlorine Chronic illnesses Cognitive ability Colorectal cancer Composition degenerative diseases Diabetes Diet Dietary fiber Dietary minerals Disease prevention Essential nutrients Fatty acids Food consumption Food products Food science Heavy metals Histidine human health Kaempferol Leucine Lipids Lutein Lycopene Lysine Minerals Naringenin Nutrient deficiency Nutrients Nutrition research Osteoporosis Oxidative stress Phenolic compounds Phenols Phytochemicals Phytosterols Potassium Proteins Reactive oxygen species Review Selenium Signal transduction Tomatoes Valine Vitamin E Vitamins tomatoes phytochemicals antioxidants human health degenerative diseases nutrients
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Summary:	Tomatoes are consumed worldwide as fresh vegetables because of their high contents of essential nutrients and antioxidant-rich phytochemicals. Tomatoes contain minerals, vitamins, proteins, essential amino acids (leucine, threonine, valine, histidine, lysine, arginine), monounsaturated fatty acids (linoleic and linolenic acids), carotenoids (lycopene and β-carotenoids) and phytosterols (β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol). Lycopene is the main dietary carotenoid in tomato and tomato-based food products and lycopene consumption by humans has been reported to protect against cancer, cardiovascular diseases, cognitive function and osteoporosis. Among the phenolic compounds present in tomato, quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, caffeic acid and lutein are the most common. Many of these compounds have antioxidant activities and are effective in protecting the human body against various oxidative stress-related diseases. Dietary tomatoes increase the body's level of antioxidants, trapping reactive oxygen species and reducing oxidative damage to important biomolecules such as membrane lipids, enzymatic proteins and DNA, thereby ameliorating oxidative stress. We reviewed the nutritional and phytochemical compositions of tomatoes. In addition, the impacts of the constituents on human health, particularly in ameliorating some degenerative diseases, are also discussed.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:	2304-8158 2304-8158
DOI:	10.3390/foods10010045