Child Immunization Coverage in Urban Settings of Twelve Provinces Plus Kabul, Afghanistan, 2019

Child Immunization Coverage in Urban Settings of Twelve Provinces Plus Kabul, Afghanistan, 2019

Low immunization and discrepancies in data sources have been a consistent challenge in Afghanistan. The objective of this was to estimate the coverage of immunization status among children of 12-23 months in urban settings of 12 provinces plus Kabul, Afghanistan in 2019. A cross-sectional survey was...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:BioMed research international Vol. 2024; p. 5400013
Main Authors: Saeed, Khwaja Mir Islam, Naeemi, Shoaib, Naser, Ruqia, Rasooly, Bahara, Hakim, Mir Salamuddin, Arman, Khalid, Nishat, Homeira
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Hindawi Limited 2024
Wiley
Subjects:
Adult
Afghanistan
Births
Children
Children & youth
Clusters
COVID-19 vaccines
Cross-Sectional Studies
Diphtheria
Disease transmission
Female
Hepatitis B
Households
Humans
Immunization
Immunization - statistics & numerical data
Immunization Programs - statistics & numerical data
Infant
Male
Measles
Pandemics
Poliomyelitis
Polls & surveys
Public health
Rural areas
Tetanus
Urban areas
Urban environments
Urban Population - statistics & numerical data
Vaccination - statistics & numerical data
Vaccination Coverage - statistics & numerical data
Vaccines
Whooping cough
Womens health
Afghanistan
Kabul Afghanistan
Pakistan
coverage
Afghanistan
urban
immunization
factors
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Summary:Low immunization and discrepancies in data sources have been a consistent challenge in Afghanistan. The objective of this was to estimate the coverage of immunization status among children of 12-23 months in urban settings of 12 provinces plus Kabul, Afghanistan in 2019. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the capital of 12 cities of polio high-risk provinces plus Kabul during October-December 2019. A two-stage cluster sampling was used to approach 30 clusters and interview seven households. The coverage for 13 vaccines against 10 childhood diseases prioritized by the Afghanistan Immunization program was assessed through observation of vaccine cards or by history from caregivers of children. Epi Info v.7.2.5 was used for data management and analysis. Totally, 3382 caregivers of children aged 12-23 months, of whom 50.8% were boys, were interviewed. The literacy of mothers was 35%, and 86.4% were housewives with no formal employment. The average age of children was 17.07 ± 4.05 months. In total, 1261 (37.29%) children were fully vaccinated, 833 (54.2%) were partially vaccinated, and 288 (8.52%) did not receive any dose of routine vaccine. Of total, 71.82% had vaccination cards, 17.24% had lost them, and 11% had no cards. Generally, coverage of immunization by cards and history was 91.70% for BCG, 52% for Penta, 78% for OPV-4, 63% for PCV2, 61% for Rota2, 68.50% for measles 1, and 58% for IPV. Nangarhar and Kunar provinces have the highest and lowest immunization coverage, respectively. Lack of awareness and time was the main factor cited by partially vaccinated individuals, while misconceptions about vaccines were reported among the unvaccinated. Child immunization levels, varying across cities, were suboptimal in the study population. Realistic goal-setting and awareness campaigns are necessary to address the low immunization coverage and fight against barriers in Afghanistan.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
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Academic Editor: Abdelwahab Omri
ISSN:2314-6133
2314-6141
2314-6141
DOI:10.1155/2024/5400013