Experimental model for the study of retrograde flow

Abstract Background Venous arterialization has been adopted as a strategy for salvage of limbs in critical ischemia without the distal arterial bed, with successful outcomes, but the mechanisms by which irrigation of the extremities takes place are still unknown. Objectives To develop an experimenta...

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Published in:	Jornal vascular brasileiro Vol. 15; no. 2; pp. 93 - 98
Main Authors:	Busato, Cesar Roberto, Utrabo, Carlos Alberto Lima, Lipinski, Leandro Cavalcante, Netto, Mario Rodrigues Montemór, Tolentino, Eduardo de Souza, Nascimento, Fernanda Aparecida de Oliveira Busato, Guilherme Filho, Marcio Dias
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e de Cirurgia Vascular (SBACV) 01-04-2016
Subjects:	CARDIAC & CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEMS fístula arteriovenosa isquemia microcirculação Original PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE SURGERY microcirculação fístula arteriovenosa isquemia arteriovenous fistula microcirculation ischemia
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Summary:	Abstract Background Venous arterialization has been adopted as a strategy for salvage of limbs in critical ischemia without the distal arterial bed, with successful outcomes, but the mechanisms by which irrigation of the extremities takes place are still unknown. Objectives To develop an experimental model to test hypotheses that could explain the mechanisms of blood supply in venous arterialization. Methods Eleven pigs underwent a period of hind limb ischemia followed by reperfusion achieved by venous arterialization, after interposition of conduits filled with 10 ml (5 animals – group 1) or 1 ml (6 animals – group 2) of China Ink. After euthanasia, the limbs were amputated and underwent histological analysis. Results Under optical microscopy, ink staining was observed in the arteriolar lumen of six (55%) of the eleven pigs used in the experiment; four (80%) out of five from group 1 and two (33%) out of six from group 2. Conclusions The experimental model was capable of testing the hypothesis. The presence of China Ink in the arteriolar lumen shows that it is possible to supply the arterial vessels by means of venous arterialization. Resumo Contexto A arterialização venosa tem sido adotada com bons resultados como estratégia para salvar membros em isquemia crítica sem leito arterial distal. No entanto, os mecanismos pelos quais a irrigação das extremidades ocorre permanecem desconhecidos. Objetivos Desenvolver um modelo experimental para testar hipóteses que podem explicar os mecanismos de nutrição em arterialização venosa. Métodos Onze porcos foram submetidos a um período de isquemia seguida de reperfusão do membro posterior, realizada por arterialização venosa, com interposição de condutos preenchidos com 10 mL (cinco animais - grupo 1) e 1 mL (seis animais - grupo 2) de tinta da China. Após a eutanásia, os membros foram amputados e submetidos a análise histológica. Resultados Na microscopia óptica, o pigmento foi encontrado no lúmen de arteríolas de seis (55%) dos 11 porcos utilizados no experimento; quatro (80%) de cinco animais eram do grupo 1 e dois (33%) de seis animais eram do grupo 2. Conclusões O modelo experimental utilizado foi capaz de testar a hipótese. A presença de tinta da China no lúmen arteriolar mostra que é possível alcançar o vaso arterial por meio de arterialização venosa.
Bibliography:	Conflicts of interest: No conflicts of interest declared concerning the publication of this article. Author contributions Conception and design: CRB Analysis and interpretation: CRB Data collection: CALU, LCL, MRMN, EST, MFAOB, MDGF Writing the article: CRB, MRMN Critical revision of the article: CRB Final approval of the article: CRB, CALU, LCL, MRMN, EST, MFAOB, MDGF Statistical analysis: N/A. Overall responsibility: CRB All authors should have read and approved of the final version of the article submitted to J Vasc Bras. Author information CRB - PhD in Principles of Surgery from Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR). CALU - MSc in Principles of Surgery from Faculdade Evangélica do Paraná. LCL - PhD in Veterinary Surgery from Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). MRMN - MSc in Principles of Surgery from Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR).  EST, MFAOB and MDGF - Medical students, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG).
ISSN:	1677-5449 1677-7301 1677-7301
DOI:	10.1590/1677-5449.008915