In Vitro Hydrolytic Degradation of Polyester-Based Scaffolds under Static and Dynamic Conditions in a Customized Perfusion Bioreactor

In Vitro Hydrolytic Degradation of Polyester-Based Scaffolds under Static and Dynamic Conditions in a Customized Perfusion Bioreactor

Creating biofunctional artificial scaffolds could potentially meet the demand of patients suffering from bone defects without having to rely on donors or autologous transplantation. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has emerged as a promising tool to fabricate, by computer design, biodegradable polyme...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Materials Vol. 15; no. 7; p. 2572
Main Authors: Alamán-Díez, Pilar, García-Gareta, Elena, Napal, Pedro Francisco, Arruebo, Manuel, Pérez, María Ángeles
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 31-03-2022
MDPI
Subjects:
3-D printers
Acids
Additive manufacturing
Biodegradability
Biomedical materials
Bioreactors
Bones
Chemical composition
Computer design
Customization
Degradation
Design
Experiments
Glycolic acid
Hydroxyapatite
Liquid chromatography
Mechanical properties
Molecular weight
Photoelectrons
Polyesters
Polymers
Pore size
Regeneration (physiology)
Scaffolds
Three dimensional printing
Tissue engineering
Titanium
Transplantation
Transplants & implants
X ray photoelectron spectroscopy
degradation
scaffolds
biomaterials
flow perfusion
polyester-based materials
hydrolysis
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Summary:Creating biofunctional artificial scaffolds could potentially meet the demand of patients suffering from bone defects without having to rely on donors or autologous transplantation. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has emerged as a promising tool to fabricate, by computer design, biodegradable polymeric scaffolds with high precision and accuracy, using patient-specific anatomical data. Achieving controlled degradation profiles of 3D printed polymeric scaffolds is an essential feature to consider to match them with the tissue regeneration rate. Thus, achieving a thorough characterization of the biomaterial degradation kinetics in physiological conditions is needed. Here, 50:50 blends made of poly(ε-caprolactone)-Poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PCL-PLGA) were used to fabricate cylindrical scaffolds by 3D printing (⌀ 7 × 2 mm). Their hydrolytic degradation under static and dynamic conditions was characterized and quantified. For this purpose, we designed and in-house fabricated a customized bioreactor. Several techniques were used to characterize the degradation of the parent polymers: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), evaluation of the mechanical properties, weigh loss measurements as well as the monitoring of the degradation media pH. Our results showed that flow perfusion is critical in the degradation process of PCL-PLGA based scaffolds implying an accelerated hydrolysis compared to the ones studied under static conditions, and up to 4 weeks are needed to observe significant degradation in polyester scaffolds of this size and chemical composition. Our degradation study and characterization methodology are relevant for an accurate design and to tailor the physicochemical properties of polyester-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
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ISSN:1996-1944
1996-1944
DOI:10.3390/ma15072572