Acute and sub-acute toxicity of the methanolic extract of Pteleopsis hylodendron stem bark

Pteleopsis hylodendron is one of the most popular medicinal plants in Cameroon where it is used to treat measles, chickenpox, sexually transmitted diseases, female sterility, liver and kidney disorders as well as dropsy. To date there is no documented evidence corroborating its safety. This study th...

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Published in:	Journal of ethnopharmacology Vol. 137; no. 1; pp. 70 - 76
Main Authors:	Nana, H. Magnifouet, Ngane, R.A. Ngono, Kuiate, J.R., Mogtomo, L.M. Koanga, Tamokou, J.D., Ndifor, F., Mouokeu, R.S., Etame, R.M. Ebelle, Biyiti, L., Zollo, P.H. Amvam
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Shannon Elsevier Ireland Ltd 01-09-2011 Elsevier
Subjects:	Acute and sub-acute toxicity Acute toxicity Animals Bark Behavior, Animal - drug effects Biological and medical sciences Biomarkers - blood Body Weight - drug effects Cameroon Combretaceae - chemistry Creatinine Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Drinking - drug effects Eating - drug effects Edema Enzymes Erythrocytes Female General pharmacology Growth rate Hematological and biochemical parameters Kidney Kidney - drug effects Kidney - metabolism Kidney - pathology Lethal Dose 50 Leukocytes Lipoproteins (high density) Liver Liver - drug effects Liver - metabolism Liver - pathology Liver diseases Male Measles Medical sciences Medicinal plants Medicine, African Traditional Methanol - chemistry Methanolic extract Mice Mortality Organ Size - drug effects Pharmacognosy. Homeopathy. Health food Pharmacology. Drug treatments Plant Bark Plant extracts Plant Extracts - chemistry Plant Extracts - isolation & purification Plant Extracts - toxicity Plants, Medicinal Pteleopsis hylodendron Rats Rats, Wistar Risk Assessment Sex Sexually-transmitted diseases Solvents - chemistry Sterility Time Factors Toxicity Tests, Acute Toxicity Tests, Subacute Cameroon Acute and sub-acute toxicity Methanolic extract Pteleopsis hylodendron Hematological and biochemical parameters Pharmacognosy Toxicity Bark Extract Stem Medicinal plant Leguminosae Dicotyledones Angiospermae Plant origin Spermatophyta
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Summary:	Pteleopsis hylodendron is one of the most popular medicinal plants in Cameroon where it is used to treat measles, chickenpox, sexually transmitted diseases, female sterility, liver and kidney disorders as well as dropsy. To date there is no documented evidence corroborating its safety. This study thus aimed to determine the toxicity profile of the methanolic extract of Pteleopsis hylodendron. The acute and sub-chronic toxicity of the methanolic extract of Pteleopsis hylodendron were investigated by employing established methods. The acute toxicity study was done by administering single doses (2–8 g/kg body weight) of plant extract to adult mice. For the sub chronic toxicity study, doses (85–680 mg/kg bw) of plant extract were administered daily to adult rats during 28 days after which the effect on organs, the hematological and biochemical parameters was assessed. In mice, single oral administrations of the methanolic extract of Pteleopsis hylodendron caused dose-dependent general behaviour adverse effects and mortality. The LD50 values were 3.00 and 3.60 g/kg bw for males and females respectively. In rats, daily single oral doses of the methanolic extract of Pteleopsis hylodendron provoked significant (p < 0.05) growth retardation in rats at all tested doses after 28 days of dosing. Haematological parameters showed a significant decrease in white blood cells count and significant increases red blood cells count; irrespective of the sex, all biochemical parameters studied, except triglycerides significantly (p < 0.001) increased with dose. However, a dose-dependent significant (p < 0.007) increase in HDL was observed only in male rats. Increases in liver enzymes (ALT and AST), proteins and creatinine levels correlate the observed histopathological damages (i.e. inflammation and vascular congestions) in the liver and kidneys. The overall results of this study indicate that the methanolic extract of Pteleopsis hylodendron stem bark possesses hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects at doses ≥85 mg/kg bw, suggesting that this plant should be used with caution.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23
ISSN:	0378-8741 1872-7573
DOI:	10.1016/j.jep.2011.04.032