Human blood markers of cholinergic neurotoxicity and neuropathy: A useful guide for laboratory applications

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are useful markers to assess the effects of exposure to anticholinesterase insecticides (Anti-AChE). In addition, lymphocyte neuropathy target esterase (LNTE) has been used as biomarker of neuropathic organophosphate compounds (OPs). Thus,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Neurotoxicology (Park Forest South) Vol. 101; pp. 16 - 25
Main Authors:	Emerick, Guilherme Luz, da Silva Lima, Valfran, Costa, Bruna Francisquete, Nakamura, Vitoria Hioko da Silva, Lentz, Dayana Veruska, Bonache, Juliandra Spagnol, Ehrich, Marion
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-03-2024
Subjects:	Acetylcholinesterase Acetylcholinesterase - metabolism Anticholinesterase insecticides Butyrylcholinesterase Cholinesterase Inhibitors - toxicity Circulating biomarkers Humans Insecticides - toxicity Lymphocyte neuropathy target esterase Neurotoxicity Neurotoxicity Syndromes - diagnosis Neurotoxicity Syndromes - etiology Organophosphorus Compounds - toxicity BChE ACh Anticholinesterase insecticides Acetylcholinesterase LNTE BSA SD Neurotoxicity Anti-AChE Circulating biomarkers IC50 CB AChE OP SDS Lymphocyte neuropathy target esterase DTNB 4-AAP ATCh K3FeCN6 EDTA OPIDN Butyrylcholinesterase Tris NTE
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Summary:	Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are useful markers to assess the effects of exposure to anticholinesterase insecticides (Anti-AChE). In addition, lymphocyte neuropathy target esterase (LNTE) has been used as biomarker of neuropathic organophosphate compounds (OPs). Thus, this study evaluates the main types of circulating biomarkers related to the cholinergic system and to the neuropathy induced by OPs in standardized human samples. To achieve this objective, total protein of human plasma, erythrocytes and lymphocytes were first standardized, and then AChE, BChE and LNTE activities in human blood were evaluated in the presence of inhibitors. The acceptance criteria of the regulatory agency were respected with coefficients of regression of curves of 0.9972 for cholinesterase and 0.9956 for LNTE analyses. The wavelength established to perform cholinesterase assay was 450 nm and the time of incubation of the enzymes with inhibitors was 30 min. Differences were observed among the IC50 values regarding the in vitro inhibition of AChE, BChE and LNTE in the presence of OPs. In conclusion, the procedures demonstrated by the present work were simple, fast, inexpensive, sensitive, easy to be replicated and suitable to make conclusions about the neurotoxicity induced by Anti-AChE and neuropathic OPs. •AChE, BChE, and NTE in human blood are markers of neurotoxicity and neuropathy.•Acceptance criteria of the Brazil regulatory agency were respected.•The procedures demonstrated here are simple, inexpensive and easy to replicate.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0161-813X 1872-9711
DOI:	10.1016/j.neuro.2024.01.002