3D-printed biphasic scaffolds for the simultaneous regeneration of osteochondral tissues

3D-printed biphasic scaffolds for the simultaneous regeneration of osteochondral tissues

Osteochondral tissue engineering (OCTE) involves the simulation of highly complex tissues with disparate biomechanical properties. OCTE is regarded as the best option for treating osteochondral defects, most of the drawbacks of current treatment methodologies can be addressed by this method. In rece...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Biomedical materials (Bristol) Vol. 16; no. 5
Main Authors: Natarajan, Amrita Bds MTech, Sivadas, Vp Ph D, Nair, Prabha D Ph D
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England 01-09-2021
Subjects:
Animals
Bone Regeneration
Cell Differentiation
Cells, Cultured
Chondrogenesis
Mesenchymal Stem Cells - cytology
Mesenchymal Stem Cells - physiology
Osteogenesis
Printing, Three-Dimensional
Rabbits
Tissue Engineering - methods
Tissue Scaffolds - chemistry
osteochondral
chondrogenesis
osteogenesis
biphasic
3D printed scaffolds
3D printing
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Summary:Osteochondral tissue engineering (OCTE) involves the simulation of highly complex tissues with disparate biomechanical properties. OCTE is regarded as the best option for treating osteochondral defects, most of the drawbacks of current treatment methodologies can be addressed by this method. In recent years, the conventional scaffolds used in cartilage and bone regeneration are gradually being replaced by 3D printed scaffolds (3DP). In the present study, we devised the strategy of 3D printing for fabricating biphasic and integrated scaffolds that are loaded with bioactive factors for enhancing the osteochondral tissue regeneration. Polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), is used along with bioactive factors (chondroitin sulphate and beta-tricalcium phosphate (βTCP)) for the upper cartilage and lower bone layer respectively. The 3D printed bi-layered scaffolds with varying infill density, to mimic the native tissue, are not previously explored for OCTE. Hence, we tested the simultaneous osteochondrogenic differentiation inducing potential of the aforesaid 3D printed biphasic scaffolds , using rabbit adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs). Further, the biphasic scaffolds were highly cytocompatible, with excellent cell adhesion properties and cellular morphology. Most importantly, these biphasic scaffolds directed the simultaneous differentiation of a single stem cell population in to two cell lineages (simultaneous differentiation of rabbit ADMSCs into chondrocytes and osteoblasts). Further, these scaffolds enhanced the production of ECM and induced robust expression of marker genes that is specific for respective cartilage and bone layers. The 3D printed OCTE scaffold of our study hence can simulate the native osteochondral unit and could be potential futuristic biomimetic scaffold for osteochondral defects. Further studies are warranted.
ISSN:1748-605X
DOI:10.1088/1748-605X/ac14cb