Synthesis of phosphorous-containing bio-based curing agent for flame retardant epoxy resin system

Synthesis of phosphorous-containing bio-based curing agent for flame retardant epoxy resin system

A phosphorous containing primary amine-based curing agent, 4-(((3-aminopropyl) imino) methyl)-2-methoxyphenyl(4-(((3-aminopropyl) imino) methyl)-2-methoxyphenyl) phenylphosphonate (VDTS2), was successfully synthesized. The chemical structure of the intermediate and the curing agent was characterized...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:JCT research Vol. 20; no. 4; pp. 1325 - 1341
Main Authors: Naiker, V. E., Phalak, G. A., Patil, D. A., More, A. P., Mhaske, S. T.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York Springer US 01-07-2023
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:
Chemical synthesis
Chemistry and Materials Science
Corrosion and Coatings
Crosslinking
Curing
Curing agents
Epoxy resins
Flame retardants
Fourier transforms
Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering
Infrared spectroscopy
Materials Science
Mechanical properties
NMR spectroscopy
Phenyl phosphonate
Polymer Sciences
Silicones
Spectroscopic analysis
Spectrum analysis
Surfaces and Interfaces
Thermal decomposition
Thermogravimetric analysis
Thin Films
Tribology
Flame retardant
Curing agent
Phenylphosphonous dichloride (PPDC)
Vanillin
Epoxy
Bio-based
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Summary:A phosphorous containing primary amine-based curing agent, 4-(((3-aminopropyl) imino) methyl)-2-methoxyphenyl(4-(((3-aminopropyl) imino) methyl)-2-methoxyphenyl) phenylphosphonate (VDTS2), was successfully synthesized. The chemical structure of the intermediate and the curing agent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. An epoxy resin was then cured with the phosphorous-based curing agent used in different ratios and with a petroleum-based curing agent. The flame-retardant (FR) properties and thermal decomposition of the respective films were investigated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 burning test, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and FTIR spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was also conducted to study the characteristics of the char obtained. The results of the FR tests showed that the epoxy films cured with the novel amine VDTS2 were able to achieve flame retardancy with an LOI value of 35% and a UL-94 rating of V-0. The TGA analysis showed that the residue of the flame retardant epoxy systems was almost double that of the epoxy resin cured with the petroleum-based amine. The respective films’ mechanical properties were also investigated, and it was observed that the phosphorous-containing amine-based curing agent showed potential to replace the petroleum-based amine for crosslinking epoxy resins.
ISSN:1547-0091
1935-3804
2168-8028
DOI:10.1007/s11998-022-00747-2