Prevalence and Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Among Waterpipe Users

Prevalence and Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components Among Waterpipe Users

To determine the associations between waterpipe use, duration, and intensity of use with prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome and its components (increased waist circumference, triglycerides, fasting glucose, blood pressure and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). We conducted...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of public health Vol. 69; p. 1607156
Main Authors: Sadeghi, Yasaman, Naghash, Mahdokht, Poustchi, Hossein, Alvand, Saba, Gandomkar, Abdullah, Molavi Vardanjani, Hossein, Malekzadeh, Fatemeh, Boffetta, Paolo, Abnet, Christian C, Freedman, Neal D, Malekzadeh, Reza, Etemadi, Arash
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 11-07-2024
Subjects:
Adult
Blood Glucose - analysis
Blood Pressure
cross-sectional
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Humans
Incidence
Iran
Iran - epidemiology
Male
metabolic syndrome
Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology
Metabolic Syndrome - etiology
Middle Aged
Prevalence
prospective
Prospective Studies
Public Health Archive
Risk Factors
Water Pipe Smoking - adverse effects
Water Pipe Smoking - epidemiology
waterpipe
Iran
metabolic syndrome
cross-sectional
Iran
waterpipe
prospective
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Summary:To determine the associations between waterpipe use, duration, and intensity of use with prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome and its components (increased waist circumference, triglycerides, fasting glucose, blood pressure and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). We conducted cross-sectional and prospective analyses using data from the Pars Cohort Study in southern Iran, encompassing 9,264 participants at the baseline, and 5,002 randomly selected in a repeated follow-up. We used multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, wealth score, physical activity and cigarette pack-years to report odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Among 9,264 participants, 3,119 (33.7%) had metabolic syndrome, and 3,482 (37.6%) had ever smoked waterpipe, with both more common in women than in men. In adjusted models, former waterpipe use was significantly associated with prevalence (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.23-1.68) and incidence (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.19-2.06) of the metabolic syndrome while current waterpipe use was not. Past use was associated with increased risk in all components of metabolic syndrome; current use was associated with increases in all except high blood glucose and hypertension. Past waterpipe users had higher waterpipe use intensity (before quitting) in comparison with current users (2.3 vs. 2.0 waterpipes per day, < 0.01) and had started waterpipe smoking at a younger age (27.2 vs. 30.1 years, < 0.01). Waterpipe use was associated with metabolic syndrome and its components, especially among former users potentially due to higher intensity and earlier initiation of use.
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One reviewer who chose to remain anonymous
Edited by: Robert Wellman, UMass Chan Medical School, United States
Reviewed by: Doo Woong Lee, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, United States
ISSN:1661-8564
1661-8556
1661-8564
DOI:10.3389/ijph.2024.1607156