Use of commercial or indigenous yeast impacts the S. cerevisiae transcriptome during wine fermentation
Grapes have been cultivated for wine production for millennia. Wine production involves a complex biochemical process where sugars in grapes must be converted into alcohol and other compounds by microbial fermentation, primarily by the yeast . Commercially available strains are often used in winemak...
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| Published in: | Microbiology spectrum Vol. 12; no. 11; p. e0119424 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
United States
American Society for Microbiology
17-09-2024
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Summary: | Grapes have been cultivated for wine production for millennia. Wine production involves a complex biochemical process where sugars in grapes must be converted into alcohol and other compounds by microbial fermentation, primarily by the yeast
. Commercially available
strains are often used in winemaking, but indigenous (native) strains are gaining attention for their potential to contribute unique flavors. Recent advancements in high-throughput DNA sequencing have revolutionized our understanding of microbial communities during wine fermentation. Indeed, transcriptomic analysis of
during wine fermentation has revealed a core gene expression program and provided insights into how this yeast adapts to fermentation conditions. Here, we assessed how the age of vines impacts the grape fungal microbiome and used transcriptomics to characterize microbial functions in grape must be fermented with commercial and native
. We discovered that ~130-year-old Zinfandel vines harbor higher fungal loads on their grapes compared to 20-year-old Zinfandel vines, but fungal diversity is similar. Additionally, a comparison of inoculated and uninoculated fermentations showed distinct fungal dynamics, with uninoculated fermentations harboring the yeasts
and
. Transcriptomic analysis revealed significant differences in gene expression between fermentations inoculated and not inoculated with a commercial
strain. Genes related to metabolism, stress response, and cell adhesion were differentially expressed, indicating varied functionality of
in these fermentations. These findings provide insights into
function during fermentation and highlight the potential for indigenous yeast to contribute to wine diversity.
Understanding microbial functions during wine fermentation, particularly the role of
, is crucial for enhancing wine quality. While commercially available
strains are commonly used, indigenous strains can offer unique flavors, potentially reflecting vineyard terroir. By leveraging high-throughput DNA sequencing and transcriptomic analysis, we explored the impact of vine age on the grape mycobiome and characterized microbial functions during grape fermentation. Our findings revealed that older vines harbor higher fungal loads, but fungal diversity remains similar across vine ages. Additionally, uninoculated fermentations exhibited diverse fungal dynamics, including the beneficial wine yeasts Metschnikowia and Pichia. Transcriptomic analysis uncovered significant differences in
gene expression between inoculated and uninoculated fermentations, highlighting the potential of indigenous yeast to enhance wine diversity and inform winemaking practices. |
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| Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 The authors declare no conflict of interest. |
| ISSN: | 2165-0497 2165-0497 |
| DOI: | 10.1128/spectrum.01194-24 |