Analyses of virus/viroid communities in nectarine trees by next-generation sequencing and insight into viral synergisms implication in host disease symptoms

We analyzed virus and viroid communities in five individual trees of two nectarine cultivars with different disease phenotypes using next-generation sequencing technology. Different viral communities were found in different cultivars and individual trees. A total of eight viruses and one viroid in f...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Scientific reports Vol. 9; no. 1; pp. 12261 - 12
Main Authors:	Xu, Yunxiao, Li, Shifang, Na, Chengyong, Yang, Lijuan, Lu, Meiguang
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 22-08-2019 Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:	631/1647/2163 631/326/596/2557 Cultivars Epidemiology Fruit trees Fruits Genetic analysis Genetic diversity High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing Host-Pathogen Interactions Humanities and Social Sciences multidisciplinary Next-generation sequencing Pathogens Phenotypes Plant Diseases - virology Plant Leaves - genetics Plant Leaves - virology Plant Viruses - physiology Prunus - genetics Prunus - virology Prunus persica nucipersica Science Science (multidisciplinary) Trees Trees - genetics Trees - virology Viruses
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Summary:	We analyzed virus and viroid communities in five individual trees of two nectarine cultivars with different disease phenotypes using next-generation sequencing technology. Different viral communities were found in different cultivars and individual trees. A total of eight viruses and one viroid in five families were identified in a single tree. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that the most-frequently identified viral and viroid species co-infect a single individual peach tree, and is also the first report of peach virus D infecting Prunus in China. Combining analyses of genetic variation and sRNA data for co-infecting viruses/viroid in individual trees revealed for the first time that viral synergisms involving a few virus genera in the Betaflexiviridae , Closteroviridae , and Luteoviridae families play a role in determining disease symptoms. Evolutionary analysis of one of the most dominant peach pathogens, peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd), shows that the PLMVd sequences recovered from symptomatic and asymptomatic nectarine leaves did not all cluster together, and intra-isolate divergent sequence variants co-infected individual trees. Our study provides insight into the role that mixed viral/viroid communities infecting nectarine play in host symptom development, and will be important in further studies of epidemiological features of host-pathogen interactions.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2045-2322 2045-2322
DOI:	10.1038/s41598-019-48714-z