Esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula: two case reports

The incidence of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula is 1 out of 3000-5000 live births. Its incidence in lower middle income countries is not known. The infants usually present with excessive secretions or choking while feeding and are at risk for aspiration. The outcome of these infan...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of medical case reports Vol. 17; no. 1; p. 540
Main Authors:	Mwamanenge, Naomi A, Mariki, Haika K, Mpayo, Lucy L, Mwipopo, Ernestina E, Mussa, Fatima, Nyamuryekung'e, Masawa K, Binde, Yahaya, Kiangi, Said, Bokhary, Zaituni, Mkony, Martha, Abdallah, Yaser, Manji, Karim
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England BioMed Central Ltd 31-12-2023 BioMed Central BMC
Subjects:	Abdomen Anastomosis leak Apgar score Babies Bacterial pneumonia Blood tests Blood transfusions Breastfeeding & lactation Case Report Chest tubes Esophageal atresia Esophageal diseases Esophagus Fistula Fistula, Tracheoesophageal Hemoglobin Hepatitis HIV Human immunodeficiency virus Infant mortality Infants Low income groups Middle income Neonatal care Nutrition Ostomy Pediatrics Pneumonia Pneumothorax Postoperative period Pregnancy Sepsis Strangulation Surgery Surgical anastomosis Surgical outcomes Tazobactam Tetanus antitoxin Tracheoesophageal fistula Ultrasonic imaging Tanzania Esophageal atresia Sepsis Pneumothorax Anastomosis leak Tracheoesophageal fistula
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Summary:	The incidence of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula is 1 out of 3000-5000 live births. Its incidence in lower middle income countries is not known. The infants usually present with excessive secretions or choking while feeding and are at risk for aspiration. The outcome of these infants in lower middle income countries is not encouraging due to delays in referral, sepsis at presentation requiring preoperative stabilization, postoperative complications such as anastomosis leaks, pneumonia, and pneumothorax. We present two African babies who were term infants at age 2 days (male) and 5 days (female) with diagnosis of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. The 5-day-old infant required preoperative stabilization due to sepsis and delayed surgery with a poor postoperative outcome. The 2-day-old infant was preoperatively stable and had a good postoperative outcome. The challenges faced in management of these two cases have been highlighted. Outcome of infants with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula in lower middle income countries is not encouraging due to delays in referral and poor postoperative healing attributed to sepsis and recurrent pneumothorax. Timely referral, preoperative condition of the infant, and timely management has shown to be a contributory factor for an improved outcome.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Case Study-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-4 content type line 23 ObjectType-Report-1 ObjectType-Article-3
ISSN:	1752-1947 1752-1947
DOI:	10.1186/s13256-023-04278-1