Novel pathologic findings and viral antigen distribution in cattle and buffalo calves naturally infected with Foot-and-Mouth disease virus

The Foot-and-Mouth disease is highly contagious acute viral disease of livestock inflicting huge economic loss to the farmers. The limited knowledge regarding the pathological lesions vis-a-vis distribution of the FMDV in lesser explored endocrine glands and important vital organs other than the tar...

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Published in:	The Veterinary quarterly Vol. 43; no. 1; pp. 1 - 13
Main Authors:	Sahoo, Monalisa, Singh, Rajendra, Kumar, Pawan, Kumar Mariappan, Asok, Munnuswamy, Palanivelu, Singh, Karampal, Mani, Saminathan, Dhama, Kuldeep, Kondabattula, Ganesh, Das, Tareni, Thakor, Jigarji Chaturji, Kashyap, Gayatri, Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Taylor & Francis 01-12-2023 Taylor & Francis Ltd Taylor & Francis Group
Subjects:	Adrenal glands Animal diseases Antigens Buffalo Calves Cattle Economic impact Edema Endocrine glands Enteritis Epithelium Foot & mouth disease foot-and-mouth disease Gastroenteritis Heart diseases Hemorrhage Hepatitis Hyperplasia immunohistochemistry Intestine Lesions Livestock Lungs Lymphoid tissue multiplex PCR Myocarditis Necropsy Organs Pancreatitis Pathogenesis pathology RT-PCR serotype A Serotyping Stomatitis Thymus Thyroid Thyroiditis Tissues Tongue Tropism Viral diseases Viruses multiplex PCR foot-and-mouth disease pathology RT-PCR Calves immunohistochemistry serotype A
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Summary:	The Foot-and-Mouth disease is highly contagious acute viral disease of livestock inflicting huge economic loss to the farmers. The limited knowledge regarding the pathological lesions vis-a-vis distribution of the FMDV in lesser explored endocrine glands and important vital organs other than the target organs of infected calves prompted us to take the present investigation to have detailed insight into the pathogenesis. The systematic necropsy of 37 dead calves (cattle-28 and buffalo-9) was conducted, and thin representative tissue pieces from the affected organs were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF) for pathological and immunohistochemical investigations. The genomic detection and its serotyping were done by RT-PCR and multiplex-PCR, respectively. Necropsy examination in all cases showed myocardial lesions resembling 'tigroid heart appearance'. Other organ specific lesions include vesiculo-ulcerative stomatitis, edema of the lungs, petechial hemorrhages, edema of the endocrines, and gastroenteritis. Histopathological examination showed varying sizes of vesicles and ulcerations in stratified squamous epithelium of the tongue, acute necrotizing myocarditis, lymphoid depletion in lymphoid tissues, hepatitis, pancreatitis, thymic hyperplasia, thyroiditis, adrenitis, and enteritis. Positive immunolabeling for viral antigens was observed in endocrine glands, lymphoid organs, lungs, liver, kidneys, and intestine, in addition to other typical locations. The thyroid, adrenal glands, and pancreas, in addition to the tongue and heart, are the tissue of choice for sampling in the field during epidemics. Further, the viral genome and serotype A was confirmed in the affected tissues. This study provides insights into novel tissue tropism and pathogenesis in young calves naturally infected with FMDV.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0165-2176 1875-5941
DOI:	10.1080/01652176.2023.2260435