Oral Mucosal Lesions' propensity as an Outcome Eventuated by Exhaled Carbon Monoxide (CO) Levels and Nicotine Dependency

Oral Mucosal Lesions' propensity as an Outcome Eventuated by Exhaled Carbon Monoxide (CO) Levels and Nicotine Dependency

This study aims to assess the correlation of exhaled CO and nicotine dependence with the occurrence of oral mucosal lesions while also taking into consideration socio-demographic, clinical and anthropometrical characteristics of participants. An observational cross-sectional study was carried out am...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP Vol. 22; no. 9; pp. 2781 - 2788
Main Authors: Naik, Nidhi, Gaunkar, Ridhima, Kamat, Amita Kenkre, Kamath, Vinayak, Gadiyar, Akshatha, Mungi, Prachi
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Thailand West Asia Organization for Cancer Prevention 01-09-2021
Subjects:
Adult
Breath Tests
Carbon Monoxide - analysis
Cross-Sectional Studies
Dental Service, Hospital
Exhalation
Female
Humans
Incidence
India - epidemiology
Male
Middle Aged
Mouth Neoplasms - epidemiology
Risk Factors
Smokers - statistics & numerical data
Surveys and Questionnaires
Tertiary Care Centers
Tobacco Use Disorder - epidemiology
India
Smoked tobacco
nicotine dependence
Carbon monoxide levels
oral mucosal lesions
Cross-Sectional study
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Summary:This study aims to assess the correlation of exhaled CO and nicotine dependence with the occurrence of oral mucosal lesions while also taking into consideration socio-demographic, clinical and anthropometrical characteristics of participants. An observational cross-sectional study was carried out among smokers who visited the tobacco cessation center at Tertiary Care Dental Hospital in Goa, India. An intra-oral soft tissue examination for detecting presence of oral mucosal lesions followed by a questionnaire-based interview for the measurement of exposure, sociodemographic factors, body mass index, cooking habits and nicotine dependence was conducted. The exhaled CO levels were measured with a CO breath analyzer. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 20.0 Descriptive statistics were calculated and multivariable analysis was done to assess the association of different variables with oral mucosal lesions and carbon monoxide levels. p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Of the 173 subjects enrolled in the study, 69.36% were without any lesions while 30.63% were diagnosed with some lesion. In the regression analysis, the variables of physical activity (present vs absent OR: 5.808), exhaled CO levels (OR: 1.098) and nicotine dependence (mild vs moderate OR: 6.518) were significant risk factors influencing the presence of oral mucosal lesions. Usage of both cigarettes and bidis by smokers exhibited highest mean exhaled CO values of 19.67±1.506 ppm. Exhaled CO levels were significantly higher in smokers who were overweight (14.96±9.14 ppm), physically inactive (13.98±8.26 ppm), highly nicotine dependent (20.67±8.30) and used coal for cooking (12.55±8.17). A robust correlation between exhaled CO levels, nicotine dependence and incidence of oral mucosal lesions was established. The multifactorial tenacity of exhaled CO which is affected by smoked tobacco as well as variables such as physical activity, BMI, cooking habits and type of smoking habit should be noted.
ISSN:1513-7368
2476-762X
DOI:10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.9.2781