Chitosan/polyester-based scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering: Assessment of extracellular matrix formation

Naturally derived polymers have been extensively used in scaffold production for cartilage tissue engineering. The present work aims to evaluate and characterize extracellular matrix (ECM) formation in two types of chitosan-based scaffolds, using bovine articular chondrocytes (BACs). The influence o...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Acta biomaterialia Vol. 6; no. 3; pp. 1149 - 1157
Main Authors:	Alves da Silva, M.L., Crawford, A., Mundy, J.M., Correlo, V.M., Sol, P., Bhattacharya, M., Hatton, P.V., Reis, R.L., Neves, N.M.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England Elsevier Ltd 01-03-2010
Subjects:	Absorption Animals Biocompatible Materials - chemistry Biomimetic Materials - chemistry Bovine chondrocyte Butylene Glycols - chemistry Cartilage - cytology Cartilage - growth & development Cartilage tissue engineering Cattle Cell Culture Techniques - methods Cells, Cultured Chitin/chitosan Chitosan - chemistry Chondrocytes - cytology Chondrocytes - physiology Crystallization - methods Extracellular Matrix - physiology Extracellular Matrix Proteins - metabolism Materials Testing Particle Size Polymers - chemistry Porosity Scaffold Surface Properties Tissue Engineering - methods Tissue Scaffolds - chemistry Cartilage tissue engineering Bovine chondrocyte Scaffold Chitin/chitosan
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Summary:	Naturally derived polymers have been extensively used in scaffold production for cartilage tissue engineering. The present work aims to evaluate and characterize extracellular matrix (ECM) formation in two types of chitosan-based scaffolds, using bovine articular chondrocytes (BACs). The influence of these scaffolds’ porosity, as well as pore size and geometry, on the formation of cartilagineous tissue was studied. The effect of stirred conditions on ECM formation was also assessed. Chitosan-poly(butylene succinate) (CPBS) scaffolds were produced by compression moulding and salt leaching, using a blend of 50% of each material. Different porosities and pore size structures were obtained. BACs were seeded onto CPBS scaffolds using spinner flasks. Constructs were then transferred to the incubator, where half were cultured under stirred conditions, and the other half under static conditions for 4 weeks. Constructs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, histology procedures, immunolocalization of collagen type I and collagen type II, and dimethylmethylene blue assay for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) quantification. Both materials showed good affinity for cell attachment. Cells colonized the entire scaffolds and were able to produce ECM. Large pores with random geometry improved proteoglycans and collagen type II production. However, that structure has the opposite effect on GAG production. Stirred culture conditions indicate enhancement of GAG production in both types of scaffold.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1742-7061 1878-7568
DOI:	10.1016/j.actbio.2009.09.006