Prevalence and determinants of undiagnosed hypertension in the Western region of Saudi Arabia

Prevalence and determinants of undiagnosed hypertension in the Western region of Saudi Arabia

Recent data regarding the prevalence and determinants of undiagnosed hypertension in Saudi Arabia are particularly lacking. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and to identify potential associates of hypertension risk among adults in the Western region of Saudi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one Vol. 18; no. 3; p. e0280844
Main Authors: Mumena, Walaa A, Hammouda, Sahar A, Aljohani, Raghad M, Alzahrani, Amal M, Bamagos, Mona J, Alharbi, Wed K, Mulla, Bodoor M, Kutbi, Hebah A
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Public Library of Science 07-03-2023
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:
Adult
Adults
Biology and Life Sciences
Blood pressure
Body mass
Body mass index
Body measurements
Body size
Cardiology
Cardiovascular diseases
Care and treatment
Cross-Sectional Studies
Data collection
Diagnosis
Distribution
Females
Gastrointestinal surgery
Health aspects
Humans
Hypertension
Hypertension - diagnosis
Hypertension - epidemiology
Male
Males
Medicine and Health Sciences
Obesity
Overweight
People and places
Prevalence
Prevention
Risk factors
Saudi Arabia - epidemiology
Sociodemographics
Sodium
Sodium in the body
Statistical analysis
United States
Variance analysis
Weight
Saudi Arabia
United States
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Summary:Recent data regarding the prevalence and determinants of undiagnosed hypertension in Saudi Arabia are particularly lacking. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and to identify potential associates of hypertension risk among adults in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. Cross-sectional data for 489 Saudi adults were collected from public places in the cities of Madinah and Jeddah. Demographic, anthropometric (height, weight, waist circumference), and blood pressure (assessed by a digital sphygmomanometer) data were collected from all participants during face-to-face interviews. The American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association guidelines were used to evaluate blood pressure status. Sodium intake was assessed using a semi-validated food frequency questionnaire. The prevalence of undiagnosed, elevated blood pressure, stage I, or stage II hypertension was 9.82%, 39.5%, and 17.2%, respectively. The proportions of individuals with undiagnosed hypertension were higher among men and smokers (p < .001 for both). Blood pressure status was positively associated with weight, body mass index, and waist circumference among participants (p < .001 for all). Higher body mass index and waist circumference were associated with increased odds of stage I and stage II hypertension. Sodium intake was not associated with blood pressure status. A strikingly high prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was observed among the study sample. National intervention programs are necessary to encourage regular screening and follow-up for the early detection and management of hypertension.
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RMA, AMA, MJB, WKA and BMM also contributed equally to this work.
Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0280844