Longitudinal Survey of Microbiota in Hospitalized Preterm Very‐Low‐Birth‐Weight Infants
ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of the present study was to examine the changes in bacteria in hospitalized preterm infants during the first month of life. Methods: Rectal swabs were collected daily from 12 preterm infants. DNA was extracted from swabs from day of birth and weekly thereafter. Bacterial...
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| Published in: | Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition Vol. 62; no. 2; pp. 292 - 303 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
United States
by European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology
01-02-2016
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Summary: | ABSTRACT
Objectives:
The aim of the present study was to examine the changes in bacteria in hospitalized preterm infants during the first month of life.
Methods:
Rectal swabs were collected daily from 12 preterm infants. DNA was extracted from swabs from day of birth and weekly thereafter. Bacterial taxa were identified with next generation sequencing using universal bacterial primers targeted at the 16S ribosomal DNA on a 454 Roche titanium platform. Sequences were clustered into operational taxonomic units, and taxonomy was assigned against the Greengenes databank using Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology version 1.4. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the abundance of Bifidobacterium spp. Functional assessment of the microbiome was performed with Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt).
Results:
Average birth weight and gestational age were 1055 g and 28 weeks, respectively. There were 6 to 35 different bacterial families identified in the day‐of‐birth samples, unrelated to the mode of delivery. Richness decreased through hospitalization (week 1, 16.9 ± 7.7 vs weeks 3–5, 10.7 ± 3.4, P < 0.001). The Shannon diversity index demonstrated the lowest diversity at birth, an increase at week 2, followed by a rapid decline at weeks 3 to 5, suggesting the development of a more uniform microbiota composition after 2 weeks of stay at a neonatal intensive care unit. Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcaceae, and Enterococcaceae constituted the majority of the bacterial families. Bifidobacterium spp were infrequently detected at extremely low levels. PICRUSt analysis revealed the enhancement of peroxisome, PPAR, and adipocytokine signaling; plant–pathogen interaction; and aminobenzoate degradation pathways in week 1 samples.
Conclusions:
Our results suggest that although preterm infants have individualized microbiota that are detectable at birth, the differences decrease during the neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization with increasing prominence of pathogenic microbiota. |
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| Bibliography: | www.jpgn.org This study is supported by Rush University 2008 Pilot Project grant and National Institutes of Health grant NR010009. Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Website The authors report no conflicts of interest. . ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
| ISSN: | 0277-2116 1536-4801 |
| DOI: | 10.1097/MPG.0000000000000913 |