Chemical and biological analyses of the essential oils and main constituents of Piper species

Chemical and biological analyses of the essential oils and main constituents of Piper species

The essential oils obtained from leaves of Piper duckei and Piper demeraranum by hydrodistillation were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main constituents found in P. demeraranum oil were limonene (19.3%) and β-elemene (33.1%) and in P. duckei oil the major components found were...

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Published in:Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 17; no. 2; pp. 1819 - 1829
Main Authors: Moura do Carmo, Dominique F, Amaral, Ana Cláudia Fernandes, Machado, Gérzia M C, Leon, Leonor Laura, Silva, Jefferson Rocha de Andrade
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 13-02-2012
MDPI
Subjects:
Animals
essential oil
Herbal medicine
HET-CAM
Leaves
Leishmaniasis
Macrophages, Peritoneal - drug effects
Mice
Natural products
Oils & fats
Oils, Volatile - chemistry
Oils, Volatile - pharmacology
Parasites
Parasitic diseases
Piper - chemistry
Piper demeraranum
Piper duckei
Plant Leaves - chemistry
Tropical diseases
Brazil
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Summary:The essential oils obtained from leaves of Piper duckei and Piper demeraranum by hydrodistillation were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main constituents found in P. demeraranum oil were limonene (19.3%) and β-elemene (33.1%) and in P. duckei oil the major components found were germacrene D (14.7%) and trans-caryophyllene (27.1%). P. demeraranum and P. duckei oils exhibited biological activity, with IC(50) values between 15 to 76 μg mL(-1) against two Leishmania species, P. duckei oil being the most active. The cytotoxicity of the essential oils on mice peritoneal macrophage cells was insignificant, compared with the toxicity of pentamidine. The main mono- and sesquiterpene, limonene (IC(50) = 278 μM) and caryophyllene (IC(50) = 96 μM), were tested against the strains of Leishmania amazonensis, and the IC(50) values of these compounds were lower than those found for the essential oils of the Piper species. The HET-CAM test was used to evaluate the irritation potential of these oils as topical products, showing that these oils can be used as auxiliary medication in cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis, with less side effects and lower costs.
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ISSN:1420-3049
1420-3049
DOI:10.3390/molecules17021819