Mucosal Leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis in the Brazilian Amazon

Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is a parasite recognized as the most important etiologic agent of mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) in the New World. In Amazonia, seven different species of Leishmania, etiologic agents of human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, have been described. Isolated cases of ML have been...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol. 5; no. 3; p. e980
Main Authors:	Guerra, Jorge Augusto de Oliveira, Prestes, Suzane Ribeiro, Silveira, Henrique, Coelho, Leila Inês de Aguiar Raposo Câmara, Gama, Pricila, Moura, Aristoteles, Amato, Valdir, Barbosa, Maria das Graças Vale, Ferreira, Luiz Carlos de Lima
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	United States Public Library of Science 08-03-2011 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:	Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Biopsy Brazil - epidemiology Child Child, Preschool Epidemiology Female Humans Infant Infectious Diseases Leishmania Leishmania braziliensis - genetics Leishmania braziliensis - isolation & purification Leishmania guyanensis - genetics Leishmania guyanensis - isolation & purification Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous - epidemiology Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous - parasitology Male Middle Aged Municipalities Parasites Parasitic diseases Polymerase Chain Reaction Prevalence Protozoa Tropical diseases Vector-borne diseases Viannia Viannia braziliensis Young Adult Brazil Amazon Basin Amazon River Brazil, Amazonas Brazil, Rondonia Brazil, Amazonia Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus South America, Amazon R Brazil, Para Leishmania braziliensis Prevalence Humans Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous Middle Aged Child, Preschool Infant Male Young Adult Aged, 80 & over Biopsy Adolescent Polymerase Chain Reaction Brazil Adult Female Aged Leishmania guyanensis Child
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Summary:	Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is a parasite recognized as the most important etiologic agent of mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) in the New World. In Amazonia, seven different species of Leishmania, etiologic agents of human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, have been described. Isolated cases of ML have been described for several different species of Leishmania: L. (V.) panamensis, L. (V.) guyanensis and L. (L.) amazonensis. Leishmania species were characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of tissues taken from mucosal biopsies of Amazonian patients who were diagnosed with ML and treated at the Tropical Medicine Foundation of Amazonas (FMTAM) in Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil. Samples were obtained retrospectively from the pathology laboratory and prospectively from patients attending the aforementioned tertiary care unit. This study reports 46 cases of ML along with their geographical origin, 30 cases caused by L. (V.) braziliensis and 16 cases by L. (V.) guyanensis. This is the first record of ML cases in 16 different municipalities in the state of Amazonas and of simultaneous detection of both species in 4 municipalities of this state. It is also the first record of ML caused by L. (V.) guyanensis in the states of Pará, Acre, and Rondônia and cases of ML caused by L. (V.) braziliensis in the state of Rondônia. L. (V.) braziliensis is the predominant species that causes ML in the Amazon region. However, contrary to previous studies, L. (V.) guyanensis is also a significant causative agent of ML within the region. The clinical and epidemiological expression of ML in the Manaus region is similar to the rest of the country, although the majority of ML cases are found south of the Amazon River.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Conceived and designed the experiments: JAdOG LIdARCC LCdLF. Performed the experiments: JAdOG SRP HS LIdARCC. Analyzed the data: JAdOG PG AM VA MdGVB LCdLF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JAdOG MdGVB LCdLF. Wrote the paper: JAdOG MdGVB LCdLF.
ISSN:	1935-2735 1935-2727 1935-2735
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pntd.0000980