Early weight gain trajectories in first episode anorexia: predictors of outcome for emerging adults in outpatient treatment

Background Early response to treatment has been shown to be a predictor of later clinical outcomes in eating disorders (EDs). Specifically, early weight gain trajectories in anorexia nervosa (AN) have been shown to predict higher rates of later remission in inpatient treatment. However, no study has...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of eating disorders Vol. 9; no. 1; pp. 1 - 112
Main Authors:	Austin, A, Flynn, M, Richards, K. L, Sharpe, H, Allen, K. L, Mountford, V. A, Glennon, D, Grant, N, Brown, A, Mahoney, K, Serpell, L, Brady, G, Nunes, N, Connan, F, Franklin-Smith, M, Schelhase, M, Jones, W. R, Breen, G, Schmidt, U
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London BioMed Central Ltd 14-09-2021 BioMed Central BMC
Subjects:	Adults Analysis Anorexia Anorexia nervosa Body mass index Care and treatment Clinical outcomes Comorbidity Early intervention Eating disorder Eating disorders Growth mixture modelling Outpatient Patient outcomes Patients Prognosis Psychology, Pathological Questionnaires Treatment
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Summary:	Background Early response to treatment has been shown to be a predictor of later clinical outcomes in eating disorders (EDs). Specifically, early weight gain trajectories in anorexia nervosa (AN) have been shown to predict higher rates of later remission in inpatient treatment. However, no study has, as of yet, examined this phenomenon within outpatient treatment of first episode cases of AN or in emerging adults. Methods One hundred seven patients with AN, all between the ages of 16 and 25 and with an illness duration of < 3 years, received treatment via the first episode rapid early intervention in eating disorders (FREED) service pathway. Weight was recorded routinely across early treatment sessions and recovery outcomes (BMI 18.5 kg/m.sup.2 and eating psychopathology) were assessed up to 1 year later. Early weight gain across the first 12 treatment sessions was investigated using latent growth mixture modelling to determine distinct classes of change. Follow-up clinical outcomes and remission rates were compared between classes, and individual and clinical characteristics at baseline (treatment start) were tested as potential predictors. Results Four classes of early treatment trajectory were identified. Three of these classes (n = 95), though differing in their early change trajectories, showed substantial improvement in clinical outcomes at final follow-up. One smaller class (n = 12), characterised by a 'higher' start BMI (> 17) and no early weight gain, showed negligible improvement 1 year later. Of the three treatment responding groups, levels of purging, depression, and patient reported carer expressed emotion (in the form of high expectations and low tolerance of the patient) determined class membership, although these findings were not significant after correcting for multiple testing. A higher BMI at treatment start was not sufficient to predict optimal clinical outcomes. Conclusion First episode cases of AN treated via FREED fit into four distinct early response trajectory classes. These may represent subtypes of first episode AN patients. Three of these four trajectories included patients with substantial improvements 1 year later. For those in the non-response trajectory class, treatment adjustments or augmentations could be considered earlier, i.e., at treatment session 12. Keywords: Anorexia nervosa, Eating disorder, Early intervention, Outpatient, Treatment, Growth mixture modelling
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2050-2974 2050-2974
DOI:	10.1186/s40337-021-00448-y