Onychomycosis in diabetic patients in Fako Division of Cameroon: prevalence, causative agents, associated factors and antifungal sensitivity patterns

Onychomycosis is an infection of the nail unit by a fungus. This is a very common infection amongst diabetics. Its occurrence among diabetics in Fako division is unknown. In this study we provide information on the characteristics of onychomycosis in diabetics in Fako division, Cameroon. A cross-sec...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	BMC research notes Vol. 9; no. 1; p. 494
Main Authors:	Eba, Marvlyn, Njunda, Anna Longdoh, Mouliom, Rene Njikam, Kwenti, Emmanuel Tebit, Fuh, Anold Nsoh, Nchanji, Gordon Takop, Atashili, Julius
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England BioMed Central Ltd 22-11-2016 BioMed Central
Subjects:	Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Amphotericin B - therapeutic use Antifungal Agents - therapeutic use Cameroon - epidemiology Care and treatment Cross-Sectional Studies Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - complications Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - drug therapy Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - epidemiology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - microbiology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - microbiology Diabetics Diagnosis Diseases Distribution Drug Resistance, Fungal Female Humans Ketoconazole - therapeutic use Male Miconazole - therapeutic use Microbial Sensitivity Tests Middle Aged Nails - microbiology Nails - pathology Onychomycosis Onychomycosis - complications Onychomycosis - drug therapy Onychomycosis - epidemiology Onychomycosis - microbiology Prevalence Trichophyton - drug effects Trichophyton - growth & development Trichophyton - isolation & purification Cameroon Cameroon Prevalence Diabetic Antifungal susceptibility Fako Onychomycosis Risk factors
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Summary:	Onychomycosis is an infection of the nail unit by a fungus. This is a very common infection amongst diabetics. Its occurrence among diabetics in Fako division is unknown. In this study we provide information on the characteristics of onychomycosis in diabetics in Fako division, Cameroon. A cross-sectional descriptive and analytical hospital-based study was conducted in two diabetic clinics in the Buea and Limbe regional hospitals. We recruited 152 consenting diabetics into the study. Demographic, behavioural, and clinical data of patients were obtained through the use of structured questionnaires. Toenail, finger nail, skin scrapings and nail clippings were collected from participants, KOH mounts were prepared and observed under the microscope and cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar supplemented with chloramphenicol to isolate causative fungi. Identification of isolates was done to species level using the cello tape flag method and slide culture. The presence of a dermatophyte by either microscopy or culture or both methods was considered positive for onychomycosis. Antifungal susceptibility testing was carried out using selected antifungals by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar. Clinical onychomycosis was found in 77 of the 152 diabetics tested giving a prevalence of 50.7% (95% CI 42.4-58.9) in diabetics in Fako. No socio-demographic or clinical factor studied was significantly associated with onychomycosis. Trichophyton rubrum was the most common isolate (62%). Other isolates included Trichophyton metagraphyte (22%) and Trichophyton tonsurans (16%). Dermatophytes were sensitive to miconazole (66%), amphotericin B (19%) and ketoconazole (14%). Onychomycosis is common in diabetics in Fako signifying the need for regular screening by either microscopy or culture. Infected nails could be treated with miconazole.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1756-0500 1756-0500
DOI:	10.1186/s13104-016-2302-1