Hybrid PEMFC-supercapacitor system: Modeling and energy management in energetic macroscopic representation
•Dynamic modeling of PEMFC with temperature and air flow dependent parameters.•Source modeling validation with experimental modules: BAHIA PEMFC and Maxwell SC.•Integral simulation of hybrid system with simple energy flow representations.•Energy management improves efficiency, SC SOC and decrease un...
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| Published in: | Applied energy Vol. 205; pp. 1478 - 1494 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier Ltd
01-11-2017
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Summary: | •Dynamic modeling of PEMFC with temperature and air flow dependent parameters.•Source modeling validation with experimental modules: BAHIA PEMFC and Maxwell SC.•Integral simulation of hybrid system with simple energy flow representations.•Energy management improves efficiency, SC SOC and decrease undesired transients.•Energy management with cutoff frequency selection criteria and influence analysis.
In this paper, we propose the dynamic simulation of a hybrid generator that integrates a fuel cell as the main source and a supercapacitor as the secondary source. We interface the proposed generator to the load using elementary power-conditioning units, and it is connected to a 36V bus for DC applications. The powertrain simulator builds on the energetic macroscopic representation (EMR), and incorporates models deduced from measurements on a Bahia proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and a Maxwell® supercapacitor bank. A semi-empirical electrochemical model predicts the steady-state PEMFC behavior, and circuit-equivalent models estimate the dynamics of the sources. We apply a rule-based power management system, where a low-pass filter splits the power between the sources, and an EMR controller block based on the inverse-model regulates the bus voltage. We focus on the trade-off between simplicity and phenomenological PEMFC considerations, which enable us to predict PEMFC electric dynamics, and we analyze the benefits of the energy management with respect to the oxygen-starvation prevention and reduction of startups and shutdowns. We evaluate the power distribution control under vehicular solicitations at a reduced scale of 1kW, and then under a pulsed current train. We discuss the influence of the cutoff frequency value. The results prove the efficacy with which it reduces abrupt changes in the fuel cell, and demonstrates that this source will deliver until it reaches 80% of the required power. |
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| ISSN: | 0306-2619 1872-9118 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063 |