Is There an Interplay between Environmental Factors, Microbiota Imbalance, and Cancer Chemotherapy-Associated Intestinal Mucositis?

Interindividual variation in drug efficacy and toxicity is a significant problem, potentially leading to adverse clinical and economic public health outcomes. While pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics have long been considered the primary causes of such heterogeneous responses, pharmacomicrobiomic...

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Published in:	Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 17; no. 8; p. 1020
Main Authors:	Fernandes, Camila, Miranda, Mahara Coelho Crisostomo, Roque, Cássia Rodrigues, Paguada, Ana Lizeth Padilla, Mota, Carlos Adrian Rodrigues, Florêncio, Katharine Gurgel Dias, Pereira, Anamaria Falcão, Wong, Deysi Viviana Tenazoa, Oriá, Reinaldo Barreto, Lima-Júnior, Roberto César Pereira
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 03-08-2024 MDPI
Subjects:	Antibiotics Bacteria cancer Cancer therapies Chemotherapy diarrhea Diet Dietary fiber Drug dosages Fatty acids Food contamination & poisoning Health care Heavy metals Homeostasis Inflammation Inflammatory bowel disease Inflammatory diseases intestine Metabolism Metabolites Microbiota Microorganisms Mucositis Opinion Pesticides Public health Side effects Toxicity xenobiotics mucositis cancer intestine chemotherapy diarrhea xenobiotics
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Summary:	Interindividual variation in drug efficacy and toxicity is a significant problem, potentially leading to adverse clinical and economic public health outcomes. While pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics have long been considered the primary causes of such heterogeneous responses, pharmacomicrobiomics has recently gained attention. The microbiome, a community of microorganisms living in or on the human body, is a critical determinant of drug response and toxicity. Factors such as diet, lifestyle, exposure to xenobiotics, antibiotics use, illness, and genetics can influence the composition of the microbiota. Changes in the intestinal microbiota are particularly influential in drug responsiveness, especially in cancer chemotherapy. The microbiota can modulate an individual's response to a drug, affecting its bioavailability, clinical effect, and toxicity, affecting treatment outcomes and patient quality of life. For instance, the microbiota can convert drugs into active or toxic metabolites, influencing their efficacy and side effects. Alternatively, chemotherapy can also alter the microbiota, creating a bidirectional interplay. Probiotics have shown promise in modulating the microbiome and ameliorating chemotherapy side effects, highlighting the potential for microbiota-targeted interventions in improving cancer treatment outcomes. This opinion paper addresses how environmental factors and chemotherapy-induced dysbiosis impact cancer chemotherapy gastrointestinal toxicity.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1424-8247 1424-8247
DOI:	10.3390/ph17081020