Systemic Uptake of Diethyl Phthalate, Dibutyl Phthalate, and Butyl Paraben Following Whole-Body Topical Application and Reproductive and Thyroid Hormone Levels in Humans

In vitro and animal studies have reported endocrine-disrupting activity of chemicals used commonly as additives in cosmetics and skin care products. We investigated whether diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and butyl paraben (BP) were systemically absorbed and influenced endogenous r...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Environmental science & technology Vol. 41; no. 15; pp. 5564 - 5570
Main Authors:	Janjua, Nadeem Rezaq, Mortensen, Gerda Krogh, Andersson, Anna-Maria, Kongshoj, Brian, Wulf, Hans Christian
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Washington, DC American Chemical Society 01-08-2007
Subjects:	Administration, Topical Adult Biological and medical sciences Blood Chemicals Dibutyl Phthalate - administration & dosage Dibutyl Phthalate - blood Dibutyl Phthalate - pharmacokinetics Dibutyl Phthalate - pharmacology Domestic and cosmetic products toxicology Endocrine system Gonadal Steroid Hormones - blood Hormones Humans Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System - drug effects Male Medical sciences Parabens - administration & dosage Parabens - analysis Parabens - pharmacokinetics Parabens - pharmacology Phthalic Acids - administration & dosage Phthalic Acids - blood Phthalic Acids - pharmacokinetics Phthalic Acids - pharmacology Pituitary-Adrenal System - drug effects Thyroid gland Thyroid Hormones - blood Toxicology Cosmetic Human Reproduction diseases Toxicity Endocrine disruptor Systemic Toxicokinetics Absorption Penetration Thyroid hormone Skin Public health Topical administration
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Summary:	In vitro and animal studies have reported endocrine-disrupting activity of chemicals used commonly as additives in cosmetics and skin care products. We investigated whether diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and butyl paraben (BP) were systemically absorbed and influenced endogenous reproductive and thyroid hormone levels in humans after topical application. In a two-week single-blinded study, 26 healthy young male volunteers were assigned to daily whole-body topical application of 2 mg/cm2 basic cream formulation each without (week one) and with (week two) the three 2% (w/w) compounds. The concentrations of BP and the main phthalate metabolites monoethyl (MEP) and monobutyl phthalate (MBP) were measured in serum together with the following reproductive hormones: follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), lutenising hormone (LH), testosterone, estradiol, and inhibin B and thyroid hormones (thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), total triiodothyroxine (T3), and total thyroxine (T4)). MEP, MBP, and BP peaked in serum a few hours after application, reaching mean ± SEM levels of 1001 ± 81 μg/L, 51 ± 6 μg/L, and 135 ± 11 μg/L, respectively. Only MEP was detectable in serum before treatment. Minor differences in inhibin B, LH, estradiol, T4, FT4, and TSH were observed between the two weeks, but these were not related to exposure. We demonstrated for the first time that DEP, DBP, and BP could be systemically absorbed in man after topical application. The systemic absorption of these compounds did not seem to have any short-term influence on the levels of reproductive and thyroid hormones in the examined young men.
Bibliography:	ark:/67375/TPS-DHZTXV7T-C istex:4C8B41D064BE5043627486676AF0BC69B3E1FDF3 ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2
ISSN:	0013-936X 1520-5851
DOI:	10.1021/es0628755