Primary Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Clinical Stage II A/B Seminomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ABSTRACT Introduction Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are considered standard treatments for stage II seminoma patients; however, these therapies are associated with long-term toxicities. Recently, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection has emerged as an alternative strategy, and the first three p...

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Published in:	International Brazilian Journal of Urology Vol. 50; no. 4; pp. 415 - 432
Main Authors:	Melão, Bárbara Vieira Lima Aguiar, Amorim, Lucas Guimarães Campos Roriz de, Sanches, Murilo Ribeiro, Gomes, Giovanna Veiga, Gewehr, Douglas Mesadri, Moreira, Luis Henrique de Oliveira, Silva, Thaise Pedreira da, Lobo, Matheus de Melo, Bechara, Gustavo Ruschi
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Sociedade Brasileira de Urologia 01-08-2024
Subjects:	Male Germ Cell Tumor [Supplementary Concept] Review Seminoma Testicular Neoplasms
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Summary:	ABSTRACT Introduction Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are considered standard treatments for stage II seminoma patients; however, these therapies are associated with long-term toxicities. Recently, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection has emerged as an alternative strategy, and the first three phase II trials were published in 2023 with promising results. The present study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate this surgery as an alternative treatment for stage IIA/B seminoma patients. Purpose Seminomas are the most common testicular tumors, often affecting young adult males. Standard treatments for stage II seminomas include chemotherapy and radiation therapy, but these therapies are associated with long-term toxicities. Thus, identifying alternative strategies is paramount. Herein, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to appraise the efficacy and safety of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for treating this condition. Methods We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for studies evaluating RPLND as a primary treatment for stage II A/B seminomas. Using a random-effects model, single proportion and means and pooled 2-year recurrence-free survival rates with hazard rates and 95% CI were calculated. Results Seven studies were included, comprising 331 males with stage II seminomas. In the pooled analysis, the recurrence rate was 17.69% (95% CI 12.31–24.75), and the 2-year RFS rate was 81% (95% CI 0.77–0.86). The complication rate was 9.16% (95% CI 6.16–13.42), the Clavien–Dindo > 2 complication rate was 8.83% (95% CI 5.76–13.31), and the retrograde ejaculation rate was 7.01% (95% CI 3.54–13.40). The median operative time was 174.68 min (95% CI 122.17–249.76 min), median blood loss was 105.91 mL (95% CI 46.89–239.22 mL), and patients with no evidence of lymph node involvement ranged from 0–16%. Conclusions Primary RPLNDs for treating stage IIA/B seminomas have favorable RFS rates, with low complication and recurrence rates. These findings provide evidence that this surgery is a viable alternative therapy for these patients.
Bibliography:	CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None declared.
ISSN:	1677-5538 1677-6119
DOI:	10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2024.0134