Dysexecutive syndrome in amnesic mild cognitive impairment: a multicenter study

Executive functions (EF) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), classically related to the prefrontal cortex, have been forgotten in mild stages, given more importance to temporal lobe associated disorders, such as memory. The study of disexecutive syndrome (DS) has been relegated to advanced stages of t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	BMC neurology Vol. 16; no. 1; p. 88
Main Authors:	Blanco Martín, E, Ugarriza Serrano, I, Elcoroaristizabal Martín, X, Galdos Alcelay, L, Molano Salazar, A, Bereincua Gandarias, R, Inglés Borda, S, Uterga Valiente, J M, Indakoetxea Juanbeltz, M B, Moraza Lopez, J, Barandiarán Amillano, M, Fernández-Martínez, M
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	England BioMed Central Ltd 04-06-2016 BioMed Central
Subjects:	Aged Alzheimer Disease - psychology Amnesia - psychology Apathy Case-Control Studies Cognition disorders Cognitive Dysfunction - psychology Complications and side effects Cross-Sectional Studies Dementia - physiopathology Disease Progression Executive Function Female Frontal lobe dysfunction Genotype Humans Male Memory Disorders - physiopathology Middle Aged Neuroimaging Neuropsychological Tests Prognosis Prospective Studies Risk factors Executive functions Amnesic mild cognitive impairment Alzheimer’s disease Disexecutive syndrome
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Summary:	Executive functions (EF) in Alzheimer's disease (AD), classically related to the prefrontal cortex, have been forgotten in mild stages, given more importance to temporal lobe associated disorders, such as memory. The study of disexecutive syndrome (DS) has been relegated to advanced stages of the disease. Our goal is to demonstrate that EF are already present in amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Furthermore, we are interested in knowing whether poor scores in EF tests are related to the progression to AD or another kind of dementia. We studied patients with aMCI (n = 81) and healthy controls (n = 142) from neurological departments of several centers of Basque Country with a cross-sectional design. Patients underwent a complete neuropsychological evaluation, neuroimaging testing APOE genotype and 3 year of prospective follow-up. In the first visit, patients with aMCI showed more alterations in tests that evaluate EF such as Stroop, trail-making and categorical verbal fluency. More alterations were also found in NPI scale (P <0.05). Stroop and Trail-Making test were not associated with the future development of AD, but fluency (p = 0.01) and apathy (p = 0.031) did. No patient developed a different kind of dementia different from AD. DS is a broad concept not confined to frontal lobes, and can be found in early stages of aMCI. DS impacts negatively on patient autonomy and may have prognostic value.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1471-2377 1471-2377
DOI:	10.1186/s12883-016-0607-2