COVID-19 Inflammatory Syndrome: Lessons from TNFRI and CRP about the Risk of Death in Severe Disease

: Cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 is responsible for irreversible tissue damage and death. Soluble mediators from the TNF superfamily, their correlation with clinical outcome, and the use of TNF receptors as a potent predictor for clinical outcome were evaluated. : Severe COVID-19 patients had the...

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Published in:	Biomedicines Vol. 12; no. 9; p. 2138
Main Authors:	Farnesi-de-Assunção, Thaís Soares, Oliveira-Scussel, Ana Carolina de Morais, Rodrigues, Wellington Francisco, Matos, Beatriz Sodré, da Silva, Djalma Alexandre Alves, de Andrade E Silva, Leonardo Eurípedes, Mundim, Fabiano Vilela, Helmo, Fernanda Rodrigues, Bernardes E Borges, Anna Victória, Desidério, Chamberttan Souza, Trevisan, Rafael Obata, Obata, Malu Mateus Santos, Barbosa, Laís Milagres, Lemes, Marcela Rezende, Costa-Madeira, Juliana Cristina, Barbosa, Rafaela Miranda, Cunha, Andrezza Cristina Cancian Hortolani, Pereira, Loren Queli, Tanaka, Sarah Cristina Sato Vaz, de Vito, Fernanda Bernadelli, Monteiro, Ivan Borges, Ferreira, Yulsef Moura, Machado, Guilherme Henrique, Moraes-Souza, Hélio, Rodrigues, Denise Bertulucci Rocha, de Oliveira, Carlo José Freire, da Silva, Marcos Vinicius, Júnior, Virmondes Rodrigues
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Switzerland MDPI AG 20-09-2024 MDPI
Subjects:	Brazil clinical outcomes predictor Consent COVID-19 Cytokine storm Death Disease Diseases Erythrocytes Hematocrit Hemoglobin Hospitalization Infections inflammatory mediators Interleukins Leptin Leukocytes (neutrophilic) Lymphocytes Monocytes Regression analysis SARS-CoV-2 Serum levels Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Software Statistical models TNF receptors TNF superfamily Tumor necrosis factor receptors γ-Interferon Brazil United States > US COVID-19 inflammatory mediators SARS-CoV-2 C-reactive protein TNF superfamily clinical outcomes predictor TNF receptors
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Summary:	: Cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 is responsible for irreversible tissue damage and death. Soluble mediators from the TNF superfamily, their correlation with clinical outcome, and the use of TNF receptors as a potent predictor for clinical outcome were evaluated. : Severe COVID-19 patients had the levels of soluble mediators from the TNF superfamily quantified and categorized according to the clinical outcome (death versus survival). Statistical modeling was performed to predict clinical outcomes. : COVID-19 patients have elevated serum levels from the TNF superfamily. Regardless of sex and age, the sTNFRI levels were observed to be significantly higher in deceased patients from the first weeks following the onset of symptoms. We analyzed hematological parameters and inflammatory markers, and there was a difference between the groups for the following factors: erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leukocytes, neutrophils, band cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, CRP, IL-8, IFN-γ, IL-10, IL-6, IL-4, IL-2, leptin MIF sCD40L, and sTNFRI ( < 0.05). A post hoc analysis showed an inferential capacity over 70% for some hematological markers, CRP, and inflammatory mediators in deceased patients. sTNFRI was strongly associated with death, and the sTNFRI/sTNFRII ratio differed between outcomes ( < 0.001; power above 90%), highlighting the impact of these proteins on clinical results. The final logistic model, including sTNFRI/sTNFRII and CRP, indicated high sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and an eight-fold higher odds ratio for an unfavorable outcome. : The joint use of the sTNFRI/sTNFRII ratio with CRP proves to be a promising tool to assist in the clinical management of patients hospitalized for COVID-19.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	2227-9059 2227-9059
DOI:	10.3390/biomedicines12092138