A Holocene record of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)-related hydrologic variability in Southern California (Lake Elsinore, CA)

High-resolution terrestrial records of Holocene climate from Southern California are scarce. Moreover, there are no records of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) variability, a major driver of decadal to multi-decadal climate variability for the region, older than 1,000 years. Recent research on Lake...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Journal of paleolimnology Vol. 44; no. 3; pp. 819 - 839
Main Authors:	Kirby, M. E., Lund, S. P., Patterson, W. P., Anderson, M. A., Bird, B. W., Ivanovici, L., Monarrez, P., Nielsen, S.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01-10-2010 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	Climate Change Climate variability Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences El Nino Freshwater Freshwater & Marine Ecology Geology Holocene Hydrology Ice ages Lakes Marine Original Paper Paleoclimate science Paleolimnology Paleontology Physical Geography River discharge River flow Sand Sedimentology Sediments United States > US Lake Elsinore California INE, USA, California I, Pacific USA, California IS, Pacific USA, Texas, San Jacinto R Grain size Southern California Lake sediment PDO Holocene
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Summary:	High-resolution terrestrial records of Holocene climate from Southern California are scarce. Moreover, there are no records of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) variability, a major driver of decadal to multi-decadal climate variability for the region, older than 1,000 years. Recent research on Lake Elsinore, however, has shown that the lake’s sediments hold excellent potential for paleoenvironmental analysis and reconstruction. New 1-cm contiguous grain size data reveal a more complex Holocene climate history for Southern California than previously recognized at the site. A modern comparison between the twentieth century PDO index, lake level change, San Jacinto River discharge, and percent sand suggests that sand content is a reasonable, qualitative proxy for PDO-related, hydrologic variability at both multi-decadal-to-centennial as well as event (i.e. storm) timescales. A depositional model is proposed to explain the sand-hydrologic proxy. The sand-hydrologic proxy data reveal nine centennial-scale intervals of wet and dry climate throughout the Holocene. Percent total sand values >1.5 standard deviation above the 150–9,700 cal year BP average are frequent between 9,700 and 3,200 cal year BP ( n = 41), but they are rare from 3,200 to 150 cal year BP ( n = 6). This disparity is interpreted as a change in the frequency of exceptionally wet (high discharge) years and/or changes in large storm activity. A comparison to other regional hydrologic proxies (10 sites) shows more then occasional similarities across the region (i.e. 6 of 9 Elsinore wet intervals are present at >50% of the comparison sites). Only the early Holocene and the Little Ice Age intervals, however, are interpreted consistently across the region as uniformly wet (≥80% of the comparison sites). A comparison to two ENSO reconstructions indicates little, if any, correlation to the Elsinore data, suggesting that ENSO variability is not the predominant forcing of Holocene climate in Southern California.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0921-2728 1573-0417
DOI:	10.1007/s10933-010-9454-0