Singapore Indian Eye Study‐2: methodology and impact of migration on systemic and eye outcomes

Importance Asian Indians are the fastest growing migration groups in the world. Studies evaluating the impact of migration on disease outcomes in this population are rare. Background We describe the methodology of the Singapore Indian Eye Study‐2 (SINDI‐2) aimed to evaluate the impact of migration s...

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Published in:	Clinical & experimental ophthalmology Vol. 45; no. 8; pp. 779 - 789
Main Authors:	Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Yip, Wanfen, Gupta, Preeti, Mohd Abdul, Riswana BB, Lamoureux, Ecosse, Kumari, Neelam, Cheung, Gemmy CM, Cheung, Carol Y, Wang, Jie Jin, Cheng, Ching‐Yu, Wong, Tien Yin
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Australia Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-11-2017
Subjects:	Adult Age Aged Aged, 80 and over Asian Indians association Cardiovascular diseases Cardiovascular Diseases - ethnology Cholesterol Comorbidity Cross-Sectional Studies Diabetes mellitus Diabetic retinopathy Emigrants and Immigrants Eye Eye diseases Eye Diseases - ethnology Female Health risk assessment Health risks Humans Immigrants incidence India - ethnology Male Middle Aged Migration Obesity Ophthalmology Population studies Prevalence progression Prospective Studies Residential density Response rates Retinopathy Risk Factors Singapore - epidemiology Smoking Time Factors Urban Population Singapore association progression diabetic retinopathy incidence Asian Indians
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Summary:	Importance Asian Indians are the fastest growing migration groups in the world. Studies evaluating the impact of migration on disease outcomes in this population are rare. Background We describe the methodology of the Singapore Indian Eye Study‐2 (SINDI‐2) aimed to evaluate the impact of migration status on diabetic retinopathy and other major age‐related eye diseases in Asian Indians living in an urban environment. Design Population‐based cohort study. Participants A total of 2200 adults had participated in baseline SINDI (2007–2009, mean age [range] = 57.8 [42.7–84.1] years) and SINDI‐2 (2013–2015, 56.5 [48.4–90.2] years). Methods Participants were classified as ‘first generation’ if they were Indian residents born outside of Singapore and as ‘second‐generation’ immigrants (59.7% in SINDI vs. 63.6% in SINDI‐2) if they were born in Singapore. Main Outcome Measures Response rate, participant characteristics and prevalence of systemic diseases were stratified by migration status. Results Of the 2914 eligible SINDI participants invited to participate, 2200 participated in SINDI‐2 (response rate of 75.2%). In both SINDI and SINDI‐2, compared with first‐generation immigrants, second‐generation immigrants were younger, less likely to have income <1000 SGD, had lower levels of pulse pressure, higher levels of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, had lower prevalence of hypertension and chronic kidney disease and had higher prevalence of current smoking and obesity (all P < 0.05). Conclusions and Relevance In both SINDI and SINDI‐2, second‐generation immigrants had lower prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors except smoking and obesity compared with first‐generation immigrants. The final report will confirm if these differences between generations are evident with regard to eye diseases.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1442-6404 1442-9071
DOI:	10.1111/ceo.12974